Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI
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Top Magn Reson Imaging · Oct 2011
ReviewIdiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system in children.
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system usually present with a typical morphologic pattern in adults, with multiple sclerosis as the predominant disorder. However, the variety of disorders in children has an odd range of features that have piqued the interest of researchers. ⋯ In this article, we provide an overview of the applicability of imaging for idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system in children. In addition to pediatric multiple sclerosis, this review addresses other related disorders, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, pediatric neuromyelitis optica, recurrent optic neuritis, and relapsing transverse myelitis.
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Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided spine injections describe techniques for selective spine injection procedures, in which MR imaging is used to visualize spinal targets and needle placement, monitor the injected drugs, and detect spread to potentially confounding nearby structures. The introduction of clinical high-field wide-bore MR imaging systems has increased the practicability and availability of MR-guided spine injections. ⋯ Magnetic resonance imaging guidance provides excellent osseous and soft-tissue detail of spinal structures and is well suited to avoid radiation exposure. In this article, we discuss the technical background of interventional MR imaging, review the literature, and illustrate interventional MR imaging techniques of commonly performed spinal injection procedures, including sacroiliac joint injections, lumbar facet joint injections, selective spinal nerve root infiltration, and percutaneous drug delivery to the lumbar sympathetic nerves.
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Top Magn Reson Imaging · Aug 2011
ReviewMagnetic resonance-guided interventions of large and small joints.
Magnetic resonance (MR)-guided interventions of large and small joints are feasible and safe procedures offering several advantages compared with standard guiding techniques. Nevertheless, MR-guided interventions are not routinely performed in daily practice apart from a few centers. Accurate injections are crucial for clinical outcome in diagnostic arthrography as well as therapeutic joint injections. ⋯ Thus, a tailored approach such as a posterior technique for suspected anterior lesions in shoulder MR arthrography is possible. In this article, we describe the advantages and limitations of MR guidance in joint interventions with focus on shoulder and hip interventions. We review the requirements for needle material and MR sequences, discuss several different techniques developed to date, and present current results in clinical outcome.
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Top Magn Reson Imaging · Apr 2011
ReviewMagnetic resonance imaging of spondyloarthritis: spine and SI joints.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been recently introduced as a classification criterion for spondyloarthropathies in the Assessment of Spondylarthritis International Society criteria. Therefore, it plays an increasingly important role in the diagnostic workup of spondyloarthropathies. In this article, we will review the MRI imaging features of axial spondyloarthritis from sacroiliitis to spine abnormalities; we will explain the rationale for MRI imaging, the evidence for whole body MRI, and we will approach the use of MRI for monitoring treatment response.
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Top Magn Reson Imaging · Jun 2010
ReviewCurrent problems and future opportunities of abdominal magnetic resonance imaging at higher field strengths.
Introduction of high-field-strength whole-body MR scanners to clinical routine made abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging widely available. Higher field strength provides improved signal yield, but other issues such as shorter wavelength and increased power deposition of radiofrequency in tissue must also be taken into account. ⋯ General safety issues and limitations in radiofrequency power deposition are discussed. Subsequently, implications of the previously mentioned changed MR properties at 3.0 T on clinical abdominal examinations applying different sequence types are described.