The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners
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The immunization status of the children of Traveller Gypsies presenting to two general practices and a paediatric accident and emergency department in east London between July 1988 and February 1990 was compared with that of a control group presenting to the same services. Study of parental reports and other records for 72 Traveller Gypsy children and 106 control children aged 10 months to six years revealed that Traveller Gypsy children had significantly lower completion rates for pertussis, measles, diphtheria/tetanus and poliomyelitis vaccines than the control group. ⋯ The 1990 general practitioner contract and reforms to the health service may result in decreased access for Traveller Gypsies unless steps are taken by family health services and district health authorities to meet the health care needs of this group. Possible solutions to this problem include outreach services to caravan sites, opportunistic immunization, better records and targeted health education.
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The symptoms of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy were described by 363 pregnant women who kept daily symptom diaries. All delivered a single live baby. The majority of information collected was prospective, with the median day from last menstrual period to initial interview by the study midwife being day 57. ⋯ Among the study population, 206 women were in paid employment. Seventy three of these women (35%) spent a mean of 62 hours away from their paid work because of symptoms of nausea and vomiting, showing the socioeconomic significance of this condition. The detailed information gathered should help in the investigation of the aetiology of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
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The majority of people in the community who have a psychiatric disorder will consult their general practitioner. Referrals from general practice to specialist services are, however, relatively rare. The filter between primary care and specialist care has been characterized by Goldberg and Huxley as the least permeable of the filters separating psychiatrists and other specialists from the populations they serve. ⋯ Doctors with a limited task perception regarding mental treatment tended to refer more often. Although the diagnosis did have some relationship with the institutions to which patients were referred (psychotic conditions to psychiatric services and social/material problems to social workers), the most prevalent diagnoses (neurotic conditions and relationship problems) seemed to be more or less randomly distributed over the various possibilities. Preferences appeared to be related to the existence of regular meetings between general practitioners and specialists and a positive evaluation by general practitioners of the institution concerned.
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Information about accidental injury among children under five years old was obtained prospectively by studying children registered with one general practice (total list size 9425) who presented at the surgery and/or the accident and emergency department at the North Staffordshire Hospital Centre during a 12 month period. Details were obtained from answers to a questionnaire sent to parents within two weeks of a child's accident. Of 511 children under five years of age, 100 children (57 boys, 43 girls) had 120 accidents. ⋯ Socioeconomic factors were not significantly different between the cases and the controls. Similar numbers of families in the study and control groups had items of safety equipment and had good awareness and knowledge of accident prevention. The results of this study cast doubt on the value of safety equipment and knowledge alone in child accident prevention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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In order to summarize the available clinical evidence for the efficacy of physiotherapy, 400 randomized clinical trials were identified from the literature. Studies were found by using bibliographic databases, citation tracking, and correspondence with researchers in the field. Focusing on disorders of the musculoskeletal system, a number of criterion based meta-analyses were performed on 180 trials in order to summarize the available evidence. ⋯ Meta-analyses were performed for spinal manipulation, exercise therapy, traction, ultrasound, and laser therapy, and for disorders of the back, neck, shoulder and knee. In general, the methodological quality of the studies appeared to be low, and the efficacy of physiotherapy was shown to be convincing for only a few indications and treatments. On the other hand, because of the prevalence of serious methodological flaws, it cannot be concluded that physiotherapy has no effect.