Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Apr 2011
Review[Shedding light on the use of colistin: still gaps to be filled].
Colistin (polymyxin E), an old antibiotic replaced by other less toxic antibiotics in the 1970s, has been increasingly used over the last decade due to multidrug-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria and lack of new antibiotics. However, there is a dearth of information on the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and toxicodynamics (TD) of colistin and its non-active prodrug colistimethate sodium (CMS). ⋯ Therefore, it is urgent to conduct prospective studies to optimise CMS/colistin use in patients, in particular the critically ill. This review summarises recent key clinical studies evaluating the efficacy, toxicity and PK/PD of colistin/CMS.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Apr 2011
[Low adherence to 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccination program among health care workers of a medical centre during the pandemic phase].
Several strategies have been designed to increase adherence to vaccination programs aimed at health professionals, though the results were not always satisfactory. ⋯ Adherence to pandemic influenza vaccination program was very low, which suggests the need to implement new strategies into vaccination programs. The main reason for vaccination was patient protection. The tolerability of the pandemic vaccine was good.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Mar 2011
Practice Guideline[National consensus document by GESIDA/National Aids Plan on antiretroviral treatment in adults infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (January 2011 update)].
The update of these adult antiretroviral treatment (cART) recommendations has been carried out by consensus of a panel consisting of members of the Grupo de Estudio de Sida (Gesida, AIDS Study Group) and the Plan Nacional sobre el Sida (PNS, Spanish AIDS Plan) who have reviewed the antiretroviral efficacy and safety advances in clinical trials, cohort and pharmacokinetic studies published in medical journals (PubMed and Embase), or presented in medical scientific meetings. Three levels of evidence were defined according to the data source: randomized studies (level A), cohort or case-control studies (level B), and expert opinion (level C). The decision to recommend, consider or not to recommend antiretroviral treatment (ART) was established by consensus in each situation. ⋯ Therapeutic options are limited after cART failures, but undetectable viral load maybe possible with resistance genotypic studies. Adverse events are a decreasing problem of cART, where the benefits exceed the possible harm. cART in acute HIV infection, in women, pregnancy and prevention of mother to child transmission, and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis are commented on. Management of hepatitis B or C co-infection is also commented on.