Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Mar 2011
Review[Drug interactions in critically-ill patients. An important factor in the use of micafungin?].
Currently there are three main drug groups for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections: polyenes (amphotericin B deoxycholate or its lipid formulations), azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole or posaconazole) and echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin). However, a major characteristic to be evaluated when choosing an antifungal agent -apart from antifungal spectrum, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects- is the absence of significant drug interactions. Amphotericin B lacks interactions but may cause renal dysfunction, leading to the accumulation of renally metabolized drugs. ⋯ The echinocandin with the highest number of interactions is caspofungin. Micafungin is an echinocandin lacking in relevant interactions and consequently its dosage requires no adjustment in any of its indications. This drug can be used both in adults and in the pediatric population, including neonates.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Mar 2011
Practice Guideline[National consensus document by GESIDA/National Aids Plan on antiretroviral treatment in adults infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (January 2011 update)].
The update of these adult antiretroviral treatment (cART) recommendations has been carried out by consensus of a panel consisting of members of the Grupo de Estudio de Sida (Gesida, AIDS Study Group) and the Plan Nacional sobre el Sida (PNS, Spanish AIDS Plan) who have reviewed the antiretroviral efficacy and safety advances in clinical trials, cohort and pharmacokinetic studies published in medical journals (PubMed and Embase), or presented in medical scientific meetings. Three levels of evidence were defined according to the data source: randomized studies (level A), cohort or case-control studies (level B), and expert opinion (level C). The decision to recommend, consider or not to recommend antiretroviral treatment (ART) was established by consensus in each situation. ⋯ Therapeutic options are limited after cART failures, but undetectable viral load maybe possible with resistance genotypic studies. Adverse events are a decreasing problem of cART, where the benefits exceed the possible harm. cART in acute HIV infection, in women, pregnancy and prevention of mother to child transmission, and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis are commented on. Management of hepatitis B or C co-infection is also commented on.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Feb 2011
[Lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis in men with HIV-1 infection].
We present a series of 15 cases with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) with the aim of evaluating the response to a 21-day oral course of doxycycline (100mg twice daily). ⋯ A high index of clinical suspicion is the mainstay to the early diagnosis of LGV since the clinical presentation remains unspecific. The treatment with doxycycline eradicates C. trachomatis in HIV patients with LGV.