Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Oct 2012
[Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of HIV-positive immigrants: study of 371 cases].
The number of HIV-positive immigrants have increased in Spain in the last few years, and now represent a significant proportion of the epidemic. Our objective is to describe the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of HIV-positive immigrants seen in a specialist unit in Madrid. ⋯ Immigrants represent a significant proportion of new HIV-positive patients. It is a very heterogeneous group according to their clinical and epidemiological characteristics.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Aug 2012
Review[Infective endocarditis in the XXI century: epidemiological, therapeutic, and prognosis changes].
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon and severe disease. Nowadays, in developed countries, IE patients are older, usually have a degenerative heart valve disease, and up to 30% acquire this infection within the health care system. In consequence, staphylococci species are the most frequently isolated microorganisms. ⋯ Despite improvements in the diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of IE, this disease continues to be associated with high rates of in-hospital mortality. At present, due to epidemiological changes, antimicrobial prophylaxis can avoid few cases of IE. Prevention of nosocomial bacteremia, an early diagnosis of IE, prompt identification of IE patients at a higher risk of mortality, and a multidisciplinary approach of this disease could be valid strategies in order to improve the outcome of these patients.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Jun 2012
Comparative StudySurveillance of surgical site infections in elective colorectal surgery. Results of the VINCat Program (2007-2010).
The VINCat Program is a standardized surveillance program of healthcare infections in Catalonia, Spain. This program includes monitoring of surgical site infections (SSI) of elective colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to define SSI rates in colorectal surgery among VINCat hospitals over a period of 4 years. ⋯ However, no changes were observed in mean surgery duration, ASA score and degree of surgical contamination. The VINCat Program incorporated a large number of Catalan hospitals that participated in standardized monitoring of colorectal surgery. The cumulative incidence rate of SSI for colorectal surgery was 20.8%, although there were large variations between hospitals.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Jun 2012
Comparative StudyLaboratory-based surveillance of hospital-acquired catheter-related bloodstream infections in Catalonia. Results of the VINCat Program (2007-2010).
The VINCat Program is an institutional surveillance program for hospital-acquired infections developed in the healthcare institutions of Catalonia, Spain. The program includes the monitoring of various components of hospital-acquired infection, among which is catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of CRBSI in hospitals participating in the VINCat Program over a period of 4 years (2007-2010). ⋯ There are important differences in the etiology of CRBSI in relation to these variables. During the reporting period, a significant reduction (38.1%, CI95%, 29.0-46.0%) of CRBSI rates have been observed in Group I hospitals. CRBSI surveillance is an important element of the VINCat Program, offering to us the possibility of establishing standard values for this component and implementing intervention strategies for its reduction.
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Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. · Jun 2012
[Community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections in Madrid: prevalence study].
Since it was first described in the 1990s, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection among people with no contact with a hospital setting or with no traditional risk factors, has spread worldwide and is now an important epidemiological and public health problem. ⋯ Data on CA-MRSA prevalence in Spain are sparse. This study aims to emphasise the current importance of this emergent pathogen in our area. About one third of suppurative staphylococcal SSTI presenting in our emergency department are caused by this agent, confirming a rapid spread in our country. Some clinical features, such as the high presence of necrosis, are closely related to CA-MRSA.