Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Jan 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Comparative study of pethidine and clonidine for prevention of postoperative shivering. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study].
Patients with ischaemic heart disease and cardiac failure are endangered by an increase in oxygen consumption caused by postoperative shivering. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if pethidine and clonidine, which are well known for their effectiveness in the treatment of this undesirable side effect, can also prevent postoperative shivering if administered at the end of surgery. In addition it was investigated whether their intraoperative application influences the time of extubation and analgesics demand in the early postoperative period. ⋯ Intraoperative administration of clonidine (2 micrograms x kg-1) is suitable for prevention of postoperative shivering. Despite its sedative effects the recovery time until extubation was not prolonged. 0.3 mg x kg-1 pethidine proved to be less beneficial.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Nov 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Continuous intra- and postoperative peridural analgesia with combined low dose sufentanil, clonidine and bupivacaine].
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether continuous epidural administration of combined low dose local anaesthetic, opioid and clonidine can provide sufficient postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery. ⋯ Epidural administration of drug solutions containing a low dose local anaesthetic, opioid and alpha 2-agonist, provides excellent analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Patients at rest can be treated very effectively with both a combination of only two or with all of the tested drugs. On exercise the mixture containing all analgesics was more efficient than the solutions with only two of the tested drugs. Severe side effects such as respiratory depression or cardiovascular instability were not seen.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Intubation requirements after rocuronium and succinylcholine].
Rocuronium is a new non-depolarising steroidal muscle relaxant with a short onset time. The present study was undertaken to compare intubating conditions as well as onset and clinical duration of a single dose of 0.6 mg/kg (2 x ED95) with a single dose of 1 mg/kg suxamethonium (3 x ED95). ⋯ At a dosage of 0.6 mg/kg, rocuronium has an onset time of about 3 min and a clinical duration of relaxation of nearly half an hour. These data are supported by various studies, while others show shorter times, probably due to different monitoring techniques. In spite of the pharmacodynamic differences between suxamethonium and rocuronium, the intubating conditions after administration of both compounds are comparable and develop at the same rate.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Oct 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial[Changes in coagulation physiology and rheology after preoperative normovolemic hemodilution].
In a prospective randomised controlled trial the effect of preoperative normovolaemic haemodilution on coagulation, plasma viscosity and plasma protein levels was examined. ⋯ Haemodilution induced decreases in plasma coagulation, platelet count and plasma proteins did not cause any functional impairement and may just reflect dilution of these parameters. It seems that infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 in an amount of 10-20 ml/kgKM/d does not result in a relevant decrease in coagulation parameters.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Sep 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Does propofol have advantages over isoflurane for sufentanil supplemented anesthesia in children for strabismus surgery?].
The present study investigates the effectivity and the incidence of side effects of sufentanil-supplemented propofol versus isoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing elective strabismus surgery. ⋯ Propofol as an induction agent of balanced anaesthesia fails to show advantages over thiopentone. During total intravenous anaesthesia propofol increases the risk of bradycardia especially in younger children. However, a significantly lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting after TIVA with propofol and sufentanil, irrespective of N2O administration, may be an advantage over isoflurane anaesthesia in paediatric patients after strabismus surgery.