Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Oct 2018
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nebulized and Intratracheal Milrinone in a Swine Model of Hypercapnia Pulmonary Hypertension.
Milrinone pulmonary administration is used currently for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Several methods are available: simple jet nebulization, vibrating mesh nebulization, intratracheal instillation, and intratracheal atomization. The aim of this study was to explore the concentration-effect relationship of milrinone for each of these methods. ⋯ The intratracheal methods, particularly intratracheal atomization, showed less hemodynamic effect than nebulizations and, in the case of intratracheal instillation, unpredictable drug exposure. Nebulization methods on the other hand, especially simple jet nebulization, suggest better efficacy and sensitivity but are less fit for emergency situations.