Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Oct 2021
ReviewMainstem Bronchial Diameters and Dimensions in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Anatomic measurements of the right (RMB) and left mainstem bronchi (LMB) in infants and children have been accomplished using various modalities. The objective of the present review was to determine whether enough data were available to provide standardized lower airway dimensions in the pediatric population. For the present study, 12 studies with data of the lower pediatric airway dimensions of 1,611 children published from 1923-2020 were reviewed and analyzed. ⋯ Overall, there was significant variation in the methods and modality used to obtain measurements, and therefore it was difficult to establish standardized lower airway dimensions in the pediatric population. Additional homogeneous data with standardized measurement techniques and modalities across different pediatric age groups are needed to define these dimensions further. Such data may be helpful in designing airway equipment, lung isolation devices, and airway stents.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Oct 2021
ReviewMainstem Bronchial Diameters and Dimensions in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Anatomic measurements of the right (RMB) and left mainstem bronchi (LMB) in infants and children have been accomplished using various modalities. The objective of the present review was to determine whether enough data were available to provide standardized lower airway dimensions in the pediatric population. For the present study, 12 studies with data of the lower pediatric airway dimensions of 1,611 children published from 1923-2020 were reviewed and analyzed. ⋯ Overall, there was significant variation in the methods and modality used to obtain measurements, and therefore it was difficult to establish standardized lower airway dimensions in the pediatric population. Additional homogeneous data with standardized measurement techniques and modalities across different pediatric age groups are needed to define these dimensions further. Such data may be helpful in designing airway equipment, lung isolation devices, and airway stents.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Oct 2021
ReviewImplementation and Outcomes of a Mobile Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Program in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in the United States around March 2020. Because of limited access to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the authors' region, a mobile ECMO team was implemented by April 2020 to serve patients with COVID-19. Several logistical and operational needs were assessed and addressed to ensure a successful program, including credentialing, equipment management, and transportation. ⋯ No significant patient or transportation complications occurred during mobile ECMO. Neither the ECMO nor transport teams experianced unprotected exposures to or infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Herein, the implementation of the mobile ECMO team is reviewed, and patient characteristics and outcomes are described.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Oct 2021
ReviewIatrogenic Aortic Dissection Associated With Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review.
Iatrogenic aortic dissection (iAD) is a relatively rare but a life-threatening complication associated with cardiac surgery. All members of the team caring for cardiac surgical patients (surgeons, perfusionists, and anesthesiologists) must be familiar with this complication to minimize its incidence and improve outcome. The present narrative review focuses on iAD occurring intraoperatively and during the early postoperative period (within 1 month) of cardiac surgery. ⋯ Other common sites are the aortic cross-clamp or partial occlusion clamp (∼29%) and the proximal saphenous vein anastomosis site (14%). Sixty percent of cases occur during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and 17% during aortic valve surgery with or without CABG. iAD may be somewhat less common in off-pump versus on-pump CABG but is still not very rare. Risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and management are reviewed in detail as is the key role of the use of echocardiography in the early diagnosis of iAD and for guiding its management.
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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Oct 2021
ReviewSelected 2020 Highlights in Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia.
This article is a review of the highlights of pertinent literature published during the 12 months of 2020 that are of interest to the congenital cardiac anesthesiologist. After a search of the US National Library of Medicine's PubMed database, several topics emerged for which significant contributions were made in 2020. The authors of the present article considered the following topics noteworthy to be included in this review: pediatric cardiac care in the coronavirus disease 2019 era, the use of mechanical circulatory support in coronavirus disease 2019-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, transfusion and coagulation management in children undergoing congenital heart surgery, and pulmonary vein stenosis.