International journal of antimicrobial agents
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Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents · Nov 2017
Review Meta AnalysisBloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among patients with malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are an increasing cause of resistant infections among patients with malignancy. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by ESBL-PE in this population and to examine regional and temporal differences. The PubMed and EMBASE databases (to 30 April 2016) were searched to identify studies reporting ESBL-PE BSI rates among patients with malignancies. ⋯ Overall, ca. 1 in 10 BSIs in patients with malignancy is caused by ESBL-PE and in some areas this rate can be as high as 1 in 3 cases. Additionally, the incidence of these resistant infections is rising. These findings should be considered when selecting empirical antimicrobial therapy and should prompt strict adherence to antimicrobial stewardship.
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Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents · Dec 2016
Review Meta AnalysisColonisation with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and risk for infection among patients with solid or haematological malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cancer patients are vulnerable to infections, including those with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and most of these infections are associated with colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal colonisation with ESBL-PE cancer populations and to determine the risk for subsequent bloodstream infection (BSI) with these pathogens. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 1 January 1991 to 1 March 2016 to identify studies regarding ESBL-PE colonisation among patients with malignancies. ⋯ We found that, overall, one in five patients with cancer is colonised with ESBL-PE and the incidence can be as high as one in three in Asia. This is important because colonisation was associated with an almost 13 times higher risk for developing BSI with ESBL-PE. Screening measures should be evaluated to identify their clinical benefit in patients with malignancy.
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Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents · Dec 2016
Review Meta AnalysisColonisation with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and risk for infection among patients with solid or haematological malignancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cancer patients are vulnerable to infections, including those with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and most of these infections are associated with colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal colonisation with ESBL-PE cancer populations and to determine the risk for subsequent bloodstream infection (BSI) with these pathogens. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 1 January 1991 to 1 March 2016 to identify studies regarding ESBL-PE colonisation among patients with malignancies. ⋯ We found that, overall, one in five patients with cancer is colonised with ESBL-PE and the incidence can be as high as one in three in Asia. This is important because colonisation was associated with an almost 13 times higher risk for developing BSI with ESBL-PE. Screening measures should be evaluated to identify their clinical benefit in patients with malignancy.
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Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents · Apr 2016
ReviewEffect of obesity on the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials in critically ill patients: A structured review.
The increased prevalence of obesity presents challenges for clinicians aiming to provide optimised antimicrobial dosing in the intensive care unit. Obesity is likely to exacerbate the alterations to antimicrobial pharmacokinetics when the chronic diseases associated with obesity exist with the acute pathophysiological changes associated with critical illness. The purpose of this paper is to review the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) changes of antimicrobials in obese critically ill patients and the implications for appropriate dosing. ⋯ For antifungals, little data exist in obese critically ill patients; during fluconazole therapy, an obese patient had a lower V(d) and higher CL than non-obese comparators. Overall, most studies suggested that standard dosage regimens of most commonly used antimicrobials are sufficient to achieve PD targets. However, it is likely that larger doses would be required for pathogens with higher minimum inhibitory concentrations.
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Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents · Dec 2015
Review Meta AnalysisIntravenous combined with aerosolised polymyxin versus intravenous polymyxin alone in the treatment of pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Colistin has been used to treat nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) via different administration routes. Whether patients may benefit from aerosolised colistin as adjunctive treatment was contradictory. We aimed to clarify the safety and efficacy of administering aerosolised and intravenous (IV-AS) colistin versus intravenous (IV) colistin alone in patients with NP caused by MDR-GNB. ⋯ Nephrotoxicity did not differ significantly between IV-AS and IV groups (five studies; 383 patients) (OR=1.11, 95% CI 0.69-1.80; P=0.67). These data indicate that IV-AS colistin has additional benefits compared with IV colistin alone. Clinicians should be encouraged to give combined administration routes in critically ill patients with NP caused by MDR-GNB.