Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology
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Cell. Physiol. Biochem. · Jan 2018
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Reduce A1 Astrocytes via Downregulation of Phosphorylated NFκB P65 Subunit in Spinal Cord Injury.
Neurotoxic A1 astrocytes are induced by inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI), and the inflammation-related Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB) pathway may be related to A1-astrocyte activation. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for SCI, where transplanted MSCs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating proinflammatory factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and NFκB. MSC-exosomes (MSC-exo) reportedly mimic the beneficial effects of MSCs. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether MSCs and MSC-exo exert inhibitory effects on A1 astrocytes and are beneficial for recovery after SCI. ⋯ MSC and MSC-exo reduce SCI-induced A1 astrocytes, probably via inhibiting nuclear translocation of NFκB p65, and exert antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects following SCI, with the therapeutic effect of MSCexo comparable with that of MSCs when applied intravenously.
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Cell. Physiol. Biochem. · Jan 2018
MicroRNA-495 Ameliorates Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury and Inflammatory Reaction by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway.
In recent years, microRNA-495 (miR-495) has been reported to be a tumor-suppressor miR that is down-modulated in cancers. However, its potential mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate the role of miR-495 in cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) injury and inflammatory reaction by mediating the pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway. ⋯ In conclusion, the current study indicated that miR-495 improved CMEC injury and inflammation by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Cell. Physiol. Biochem. · Jan 2018
Garcinia Multiflora Inhibits FPR1-Mediated Neutrophil Activation and Protects Against Acute Lung Injury.
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) recognize different endogenous and exogenous molecular stimuli and mediate neutrophil activation. Dysregulation of excessive neutrophil activation and the resulting immune responses can induce acute lung injury (ALI) in the host. Accordingly, one promising approach to the treatment of neutrophil-dominated inflammatory diseases involves therapeutic FPR1 inhibition. ⋯ Our findings demonstrate that GMC is a natural competitive FPR1 inhibitor, which makes it a possible anti-inflammatory treatment option for patients critically inflicted with FPR1-mediated neutrophilic lung damage.
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Cell. Physiol. Biochem. · Jan 2018
Blocking TRPA1 and TNF-α Signal Improves Bortezomib-Induced Neuropathic Pain.
Bortezomib (BTZ) is largely used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma. However, one of the significant limiting complications of BTZ is painful peripheral neuropathy during BTZ therapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the underlying mechanisms leading to neuropathic pain induced by BTZ. ⋯ We revealed specific signaling pathways leading to neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapeutic BTZ. The data also suggest that blocking TRPA1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha is beneficial to alleviate neuropathic pain during BTZ intervention.
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Cell. Physiol. Biochem. · Jan 2018
Tip60 Suppresses Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation and Metastasis via PI3k-AKT.
Aberrant expression of Tip60 is associated with progression in many cancers. However, the role of Tip60 in cancer progression remains contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance, biological functions and underlying mechanisms of Tip60 deregulation in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) for the first time. ⋯ Tip60, as a tumor suppressor in CCA via the PI3K/AKT pathway, might be a promising therapeutic target or prognostic marker for CCA.