Das Gesundheitswesen
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[German National Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults and Older Adults: Methods, Database and Rationale].
National physical activity recommendations are regarded as crucial elements of comprehensive physical activity promotion strategies. To date, Germany has no such national physical activity recommendations. The aim of this study was to provide physical activity recommendations based on a comprehensive summary of scientific evidence on the relationships between physical activity and a range of health outcomes in adults and older adults. ⋯ Adults and older adults should avoid long periods of sitting and should break up sitting time by physical activity. Physical activity can lead to adverse events, such as musculoskeletal injuries, which can be mitigated through appropriate measures. All in all, the benefits of regular physical activity overweigh by far the risks in both adults and older adults.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Identification of Good-Practice Projects in Promoting Physical Activity - Methods, Pitfalls and Sampled Outcomes].
The aim of this paper is to identify and show examples of good practice of public health promotion. For this, uniform quality criteria were worked out under consideration of national and international scientific literature. For the identification of examples of good practice, a comparison of different quality criteria was carried out and combined with each other in a first step. ⋯ The analysis reports a lack of "Good-Practice" examples. Deficits lie mainly in documentation and sustainability. Because of incomplete documentation, an assessment as a "Good-Practice" example is only possible to a limited extent; a lot of information, particularly in the evaluation, is missing.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Quality Criteria for the Conception, Implementation and Evaluation of Interventions for Physical Activity Promotion: A State-Of-The-Art Review].
The success of an intervention for physical activity promotion depends not only on the use of an evidence-based approach, but also on the quality of its implementation in practice. Based on current recommendations from scientists and public health institutions, this state-of-the-art review summarizes the quality criteria for the conception, implementation and evaluation of interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus. ⋯ From the selected documents, 18 quality criteria were defined (conception: 7, implementation: 7, evaluation: 4). This review provides evidence on the relevance of quality criteria within certain stages of an intervention. Future studies could compare the effect of quality criteria on the success of an intervention, or approach the topic from a health-economic perspective.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Recommendations for Physical Activity Promotion: Theory and Evidence].
This article defines a framework for the development of recommendations for physical activity promotion. It aims to provide a theoretical foundation and rationale for classifications of physical activity promotion and approaches for the evidence base of recommendations. Perspectives from contrasting scientific disciplines were compared regarding their theoretical approach for physical activity promotion and their influence on possible classifications. ⋯ From a public health perspective, the use of integrative multi-level-models is fundamental as they can be combined both with different classifications, and individual, social, environmental and policy-based approaches. The evidence base should include the efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intervention. The scientific and political rationale for recommendations for physical activity promotion can be supported by an explicit theoretical framework and a differentiated concept of an evidence base.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Nov 2016
Review[Health services Research Faces New Challenges: Consequences for Definition and Concept].
In Germany, Health Services Research (HSR) is undergoing rapid and impressive development. Starting from the translation of methods in individual health care (efficacy-effectiveness gap) and the social-scientific description as well as analysis of health care structures and processes, now it is the implementation of complex interventions on the organizational and system level that is the center of interest. This development is mainly triggered by the establishment of the so-called innovation funds by means of legislation in 2015, which has the task to evaluate structural changes and reforms in outpatient and integrated health care. ⋯ Improvement science and implementation research represent fields of research from the perspective of improvement and the translation of knowledge and change of attitude, respectively, which are of great importance for HSR. Insofar as HSR is dealing with improvement and translation of complex interventions, the health care politics constitute an important transfer factor itself. Considering that, in the present situation, the political level represents both the main sponsor and the main demander of HSR results, improving methodological standards and further expansion of research structures of HSR are urgently needed.