Internal medicine
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We herein report the histopathology of a rare case of an idiopathic internal mammary artery aneurysm in a 61-year-old asymptomatic woman. Chest radiography during an annual medical check-up incidentally revealed the aneurysm, which was initially mistaken for a mediastinal tumor. Given that a rupture of the aneurysm could have been life-threatening, it was removed surgically, and found to possess a paper-thin arterial wall with cystic medial degeneration.
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Case Reports
Rhabdomyolysis in acute primary adrenal insufficiency complicated by severe hyponatraemia.
Patients with acute adrenal insufficiency may have musculoskeletal symptoms including flexion contractures, myopathy and hyperkalaemic neuromyopathy. However, the association between rhabdomyolysis and acute adrenal insufficiency is extremely rare and has only been reported infrequently in the literature. Hyponatraemia is often present in association with acute adrenal insufficiency complicated by rhabdomyolysis. We herein report the case of a patient with acute primary adrenal insufficiency and severe hyponatraemia complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury.
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Case Reports
Fibroblast growth factor 23-related osteomalacia caused by the prolonged administration of saccharated ferric oxide.
A 44-year-old woman with iron deficiency anemia was on a continuous course of intravenous saccharated ferric oxide (SFO). She came to our hospital because of right hip joint pain. ⋯ Discontinuation of the SFO treatment rapidly improved the impaired phosphorus resorption and also normalized the blood levels of phosphorus and FGF-23. During the treatment with SFO, it is important to regularly measure the blood levels of phosphorus in order to prevent the occurrence of osteomalacia.
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We report a 76-year-old man with paradoxical cerebral air embolism. He developed consciousness disturbance and left hemiparesis after a postural change in rehabilitation. ⋯ We considered the reason to be that a small amount of air entered, and the Valsalva-like maneuver with the postural change moved air into arterial circulation through the RL shunt and embolized a brain artery. The present case showed that even a small amount of air in the venous circulation may become a potential risk for cerebral air embolism, especially in the presence of a large RL shunt.
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Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) syndrome is a clinically and radiologically distinct pontine-predominant perivascular neuroinflammation showing T lymphocyte infiltration. It is assumed to have an autoimmune or other inflammatory mediated pathogenesis. We report the first known case of CLIPPERS in East Asia, characterized by multiple punctate enhancement of the brainstem extending to the bilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule and caudal to the spinal cord conus. The patient had elevated IgE levels and a history of allergies, suggesting that lesions may arise from neuroinflammation in response to T lymphocyte infiltration into perivascular spaces.