Internal medicine
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High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a life-threatening, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs in unacclimatized individuals rapidly ascending to high altitudes above 2,500 m above sea level. Until the entity of HAPE was first identified in a case report published in Japan in 1966, the symptoms of severe dyspnea or coma occurring in climbers of the Japan Alps were incorrectly attributed to pneumonia or congestive heart failure. ⋯ Over the past 50 years, a series of studies have been conducted at Shinshu University to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of HAPE. This review summarizes the major achievements of these studies, including their clinical features, management, and pathogenesis of HAPE, particularly in the Japanese population.