Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Comparative Study Clinical TrialS-ketamine and s-norketamine plasma concentrations after nasal and i.v. administration in anesthetized children.
It has been suggested that nasal administration of s-ketamine may be used to improve sedation or premedication in combination with nasal midazolam in pediatric patients. In this study we measured and compared plasma concentrations of s-ketamine and its main metabolite s-norketamine after nasal and i.v. administration in preschool children. ⋯ Nasal administration of s-ketamine 2 mg x kg(-1) results in a wide spread of plasma concentrations and absorption times. Rapid and high level drug absorption after nasal drug administration is possible. The use of a pulse oximeter and continuous observation after nasal administration of s-ketamine for pediatric premedication is recommended.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Case ReportsAnesthetic management of the complications of previously undiagnosed ingested foreign body in a pediatric patient.
A case of a previously undiagnosed ingested foreign body, subsequent acquired tracheoesophageal fistula and airway obstruction in a pediatric patient is described. We suggest that the capability to provide cardiopulmonary bypass was a key factor in this patient's survival.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Comparative Study Clinical TrialTissue oxygenation monitoring during major pediatric surgery using transcutaneous liver near infrared spectroscopy.
The aim of the study was to compare liver tissue oxygenation determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with central venous oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) and intestinal perfusion as measured by gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) in pediatric surgical patients. ⋯ TOI(Liver) provided a better trend monitor of central venous oxygen saturation than gastric intramucosal pH. Because of its limited sensitivity and specificity to indicate deterioration of SvO(2), liver tissue oxygenation measured by transcutaneous NIRS does not provide additional practical information for clinical management.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Case ReportsAirway protection with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in a child.
We describe a case where a size 2 ProSeal laryngeal mask airway successfully channelled regurgitated fluid away from the respiratory tract in a 5-year-old child following an inguinal hernia repair.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Dec 2004
Sonographic imaging of the sciatic nerve and its division in the popliteal fossa in children.
High resolution ultrasound is a possible option for anesthetists to detect nerves. We tested the possibility of imaging the sciatic nerve and its division into the tibial and peroneal part using high resolution ultrasound in children. ⋯ Ultrasound opens a window to detect the anatomy of the sciatic nerve in children. In addition, the surrounding anatomical structures can also be depicted. The results suggest a possibility of safe placement of a cannula for blockade of the sciatic nerve under visual control.