Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Feb 2016
Letter Randomized Controlled TrialModified pediatric Magill forceps effect on nasal intubation time.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Feb 2016
Review Meta Analysisμ-Opioid agonists for preventing emergence agitation under sevoflurane anesthesia in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Emergence agitation (EA) is an adverse effect after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. The effectiveness of prophylactic μ-opioid agonists fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and alfentanil in preventing EA is debatable. ⋯ This meta-analysis suggested that prophylactic μ-opioid agonists fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and alfentanil could significantly decrease the incidence of EA under sevoflurane anesthesia in children compared to placebo. Considering the limitations of the included studies, more clinical studies are required.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Feb 2016
Review Case ReportsAirway management in laryngotracheal injuries from blunt neck trauma in children.
Pediatric laryngotracheal injuries from blunt neck trauma are extremely rare, but can be potentially catastrophic. Early diagnosis and skillful airway management is critical in avoiding significant morbidity and mortality associated with these cases. We present a case of a patient who suffered a complete tracheal transection and cervical spine fracture following a clothesline injury to the anterior neck. A review of the mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, initial airway management, and anesthetic considerations in laryngotracheal injuries from blunt neck trauma in children are presented.
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Ultrasound of the airways is a technique which has been described in a number of recent articles and reviews highlighting the diagnostic possibilities and simple methodology. However, there is a paucity of information focusing specifically on such methods in children where equipment, technique, and challenges are different. This review article gives a general overview of the equipment considerations, scanning protocols, and clinical applications in children.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Feb 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effectiveness of nasal mask vs face mask ventilation in anesthetized, apneic pediatric subjects over 2 years of age: a randomized controlled trial.
We hypothesized that anesthetized, apneic children could be ventilated equivalently or more efficiently by nasal mask ventilation (NMV) than face mask ventilation (FMV). The aim of this randomized controlled study was to test this hypothesis by comparing the expiratory tidal volume (Vte) between NMV and FMV. ⋯ In anesthetized, apneic children greater than 2 years of age ventilated with an anesthesia ventilator and neck extension, FMV established a greater Vte than NMV regardless of mouth status. NMV could not maintain the set PEEP level due to an air leak from the mouth. The MCM increased the Vte and PEEP.