Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2017
Imidazoline 1 receptor activation preserves respiratory drive in spontaneously breathing newborn rats during dexmedetomidine administration.
Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 (α2 ) adrenoceptor and imidazoline 1 (I1 ) receptor agonist that provides sedation without loss of respiratory drive. ⋯ Our results suggest that in newborn rats undergoing dexmedetomidine sedation, the α2 -adrenoceptor, but not I1 receptor, is involved in the regulation of HR and respiratory frequency, and that activation of the I1 receptor plays a major role in the maintenance of respiratory drive.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2017
Anterior rectus sheath blocks in children with abdominal wall pain due to anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome: a prospective case series of 85 children.
Chronic abdominal pain in children may be caused by the anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. Local nerve blocks are recommended as an initial treatment in adults. Evidence on effectiveness and safety of such a treatment in children is lacking. ⋯ Anterior rectus sheath blocks using local anesthetics and steroids are safe and long-term successful in more than one-third of children suffering from abdominal pain due to anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · May 2017
Measuring the depth of the caudal epidural space to prevent dural sac puncture during caudal block in children.
Caudal blocks are performed through the sacral hiatus in order to provide pain control in children undergoing lower abdominal surgery. During the block, it is important to avoid advancing the needle beyond the sacrococcygeal ligament too much to prevent unintended dural puncture. This study used demographic data to establish simple guidelines for predicting a safe needle depth in the caudal epidural space in children. ⋯ This simple formula can accurately calculate the safe depth of the caudal epidural space to prevent unintended dural puncture during caudal block in children. However, further clinical studies based on this formula are needed to substantiate its utility.