Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2018
Comparative Study Observational StudyCuffed endotracheal tubes in infants less than 3 kg: A retrospective cohort study.
Cuffed endotracheal tubes are being increasingly used in infants; however, current evidence in the literature mostly includes infants ≥ 3-kg weight. ⋯ This retrospective study with a small sample size found that Microcuff® cuffed endotracheal tubes may be safe in neonates < 3 kg. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to address this issue definitively.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2018
Review Meta AnalysisCaudal and intravenous dexamethasone as an adjuvant to pediatric caudal block: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dexamethasone has become a popular additive for regional anesthesia. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of this additive on the duration of postoperative analgesia, postoperative vomiting, and possible adverse events in pediatrics. ⋯ Caudal and intravenous dexamethasone could provide longer duration of postoperative analgesia and reduced the incidence of postoperative vomiting with comparable adverse effects than plain caudal block. However, any additive to the caudal space carries with it the potential for neurotoxicity and that caution should always be exercised when weighting the risks and benefits of any additive. The result was influenced by small numbers of participants and significant heterogeneity.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2018
Identification of perioperative pulmonary aspiration in children using quality assurance and hospital administrative billing data.
Perioperative aspiration is a rare but potentially devastating complication, occurring in 1-10 per 10 000 anesthetics based on studies of quality assurance databases. Quality assurance reporting is known to underestimate the incidence of adverse outcomes, but few large studies use supplementary data sources. This study aims to identify the incidence of and risk factors for perioperative aspiration in children using quality assurance data supplemented by administrative billing records, and to examine the utility of billing data as a supplementary data source. ⋯ Quality assurance data offer an efficient way to measure the incidence of rare events, but may underestimate perioperative complications. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for aspiration used as a secondary data source were nonspecific for perioperative aspiration, but when combined with record review yielded a 30% increase in identified cases of aspiration over quality assurance data alone. The use of administrative data therefore holds potential for supplementing quality assurance studies of rare complications.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of intubation conditions with CMAC Miller videolaryngoscope and conventional Miller laryngoscope in lateral position in infants: A prospective randomized trial.
Endotracheal intubation in lateral position in infants is a challenge. This difficulty may be surmounted to some extent by using videolaryngoscopes but the routine use of these devices as a tool to secure the airway in lateral position remains unevaluated. Therefore, we conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial to compare the intubation conditions achieved with the CMAC videolaryngoscope and the Miller Laryngoscope in lateral position in infants. We hypothesized that CMAC videolaryngoscope would provide a better laryngoscopic view and reduce the time to intubation compared to the Miller blade. ⋯ The CMAC videolaryngoscope decreases the time taken to intubate and reduces the intubation difficulty when compared to the Miller laryngoscope. Therefore, the CMAC videolaryngoscope may be more useful device when intubating the trachea of infants in the lateral position.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Mar 2018
Comparative StudyThe prediction probabilities for emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia in children: A comparison of the perfusion index and the bispectral index.
Predicting recovery of consciousness is one of the most essential functions of anesthesia depth monitors in anesthesia practice. Perfusion index and bispectral index are 2 indicators of the anesthesia depth monitoring with different working principles. The progression of the anesthesia emergence stages reflected by those monitors has not been well understood, especially in pediatric patients. The goals of this study were to compare the prediction probabilities of perfusion index and bispectral index in predicting awakening and in differentiating the different levels of arousal during emergence after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repairs. ⋯ Both the perfusion index and bispectral index performed comparably well in predicting awakening and different arousal levels when emerging from sevoflurane anesthesia in children.