American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
-
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · May 2002
Selection of obstetrics and gynecology residents on the basis of medical school performance.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether United States Medical Licensing Examination scores during medical school predict resident-in-training examination scores and whether other criteria of medical student performance correlate with the faculty's subjective evaluation of resident performance. ⋯ Standardized tests of medical student cognitive function predict the resident's performance on standardized tests. Selection criteria that are based on other medical school achievements do not necessarily correlate with overall performance as residents in obstetrics and gynecology.
-
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · May 2002
ReviewThe effects of epidural analgesia on labor, maternal, and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review.
Mothers given an epidural rather than parenteral opioid labor analgesia report less pain and are more satisfied with their pain relief. Analgesic method does not affect fetal oxygenation, neonatal pH, or 5-minute Apgar scores; however, neonates whose mothers received parenteral opioids require naloxone and have low 1-minute Apgar scores more frequently than do neonates whose mothers received epidural analgesia. Epidural labor analgesia does not affect the incidence of cesarean delivery, instrumented vaginal delivery for dystocia, or new-onset long-term back pain. ⋯ Analgesic method does not affect lactation success. Epidural use and urinary incontinence are associated immediately postpartum but not at 3 or 12 months. The mechanisms of these unintended effects need to be determined to improve epidural labor analgesia.
-
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · May 2002
ReviewNitrous oxide for relief of labor pain: a systematic review.
A systematic review was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide for labor analgesia. Eleven randomized controlled trials with adequate control groups and outcome assessment by parturients during or shortly after the intervention were used to determine efficacy. ⋯ Nitrous oxide is not a potent labor analgesic, but it is safe for parturient women, their newborns, and health care workers in attendance during its administration. It appears to provide adequately effective analgesia for many women.
-
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · May 2002
ReviewEvidence-based view of safety and effectiveness of pharmacologic therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).
Our goal was to review the safety and effectiveness of available antiemetics for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. ⋯ Many medications, particularly H(1)-antagonists and phenothiazines, are safe and effective for treatment of varying degrees of NVP.
-
Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · May 2002
ReviewPsychological factors in the etiology and treatment of severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
The assumption is frequently made that women with severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy are transforming psychological distress into physical symptoms. Psychoanalytic theory supporting this assumption is reviewed, along with the few methodologically flawed empirical studies that have been conducted. ⋯ This implies that psychological responses can interact with the physiology of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy to exacerbate the condition. As such, psychological treatments for the symptoms of this disorder need to be further explored.