Mediators of inflammation
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Mediators of inflammation · Jan 2015
TREM-2 Receptor Expression Increases with 25(OH)D Vitamin Serum Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.
TREM-1 and TREM-2 molecules are members of the TREM transmembrane glycoproteins. In our previous study we identified increased expressions of TREM-1 and TREM-2 receptors in pulmonary sarcoidosis (PS). Only a few studies concerning the association between vitamin D and TREM receptor expression can be found. ⋯ The total number of TREM-2 positive cells was 5.7 times higher and the percentage of TREM-2 positive cells was also significantly increased in BALF of PS patients with normal compared to PS patients with low 25(OH)D vitamin serum levels. A significant correlation between total TREM-2 expression and vitamin D levels has been detected too. However, we have not detected similar differences in TREM-1expression and 25(OH)D vitamin serum levels.
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Mediators of inflammation · Jan 2015
Hypoxic Preconditioning Suppresses Glial Activation and Neuroinflammation in Neonatal Brain Insults.
Perinatal insults and subsequent neuroinflammation are the major mechanisms of neonatal brain injury, but there have been only scarce reports on the associations between hypoxic preconditioning and glial activation. Here we use neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury model in 7-day-old rats and in vitro hypoxia model with primary mixed glial culture and the BV-2 microglial cell line to assess the effects of hypoxia and hypoxic preconditioning on glial activation. Hypoxia-ischemia brain insult induced significant brain weight reduction, profound cell loss, and reactive gliosis in the damaged hemisphere. ⋯ Exposure to brief hypoxia (0.5 h) 24 h before the hypoxic insult significantly ameliorated this response. In conclusion, hypoxic preconditioning confers strong neuroprotection, possibly through suppression of glial activation and subsequent inflammatory responses after hypoxia-ischemia insults in neonatal rats. This might therefore be a promising therapeutic approach for rescuing neonatal brain injury.
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Mediators of inflammation · Jan 2015
Origin of Circulating Free DNA in Sepsis: Analysis of the CLP Mouse Model.
Recently, it has been reported that circulating free DNA (cf-DNA) in the blood is increased in various infectious diseases, including sepsis. Moreover, a relationship between cf-DNA and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been suggested. However, it is still unclear what the source and physiological role of cf-DNA in sepsis are. ⋯ Increased cf-DNA levels were observed only in CLP mice and not in the control groups; the qPCR findings revealed that the cf-DNA was mainly host-derived, even in bacteremic conditions. Citrullinated histone H3 was not increased in the neutrophils upon CLP, and the depletion of neutrophils showed limited effects on decreasing the amount of cf-DNA. Taken together, these results suggested that elevated cf-DNA levels during early-phase sepsis may represent a candidate biomarker for the severity of sepsis and that, contrary to previous findings, cf-DNA is not derived from neutrophils or NETs.
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Mediators of inflammation · Jan 2015
The Immediate Intramedullary Nailing Surgery Increased the Mitochondrial DNA Release That Aggravated Systemic Inflammatory Response and Lung Injury Induced by Elderly Hip Fracture.
Conventional concept suggests that immediate surgery is the optimal choice for elderly hip fracture patients; however, few studies focus on the adverse effect of immediate surgery. This study aims to examine the adverse effect of immediate surgery, as well as to explore the meaning of mtDNA release after trauma. In the experiment, elderly rats, respectively, received hip fracture operations or hip fracture plus intramedullary nail surgery. ⋯ In order to identify the meaning of mtDNA release following hip fracture, the elderly rats received injections with mtDNA. After treatment, the related indicators of systemic inflammatory response and lung injury significantly increased in the rats. These results demonstrated that the immediate surgery increased the mtDNA release that could aggravate systemic inflammatory response and lung injury induced by elderly hip fracture; serum mtDNA might serve as a potential biomarker of systemic inflammatory response and lung injury following elderly hip fracture.
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Mediators of inflammation · Jan 2015
Induced Hypothermia Does Not Harm Hemodynamics after Polytrauma: A Porcine Model.
The deterioration of hemodynamics instantly endangers the patients' life after polytrauma. As accidental hypothermia frequently occurs in polytrauma, therapeutic hypothermia still displays an ambivalent role as the impact on the cardiopulmonary function is not yet fully understood. ⋯ Induced hypothermia after polytrauma is feasible. No major harmful effects on hemodynamics were observed. Therapeutic hypothermia revealed hints for tissue protective impact. But the chosen length for therapeutic hypothermia was too short. Nevertheless, therapeutic hypothermia might be a useful tool for intensive care after polytrauma. Future studies should extend therapeutic hypothermia.