International archives of allergy and immunology
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2016
House Dust Mite-Specific Sublingual Immunotherapy Prevents the Development of Allergic Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Experimental Asthma.
Evidence regarding sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) efficacy and its good safety profile has been demonstrated with pollen and house dust mite (HDM) allergens in the treatment of airway allergies. In addition, the use of grass pollen presents a SLIT disease-modifying treatment for respiratory allergies. ⋯ The efficacy of Der f-SLIT was demonstrated in prophylactic and therapeutic conditions using experimental mouse models of HDM-induced airway inflammation. A potential role of a so far underestimated lymphocyte subpopulation was also indicated.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA Phase 2a Study of Benralizumab for Patients with Eosinophilic Asthma in South Korea and Japan.
Airway eosinophils are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Interleukin-5 is believed to be a key cytokine for the development, proliferation and activation of eosinophils. Benralizumab is an anti-interleukin-5 receptor α monoclonal antibody that depletes blood and airway eosinophils. We conducted a phase 2a study in South Korea and Japan to evaluate the effect of benralizumab in an East Asian population. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of benralizumab in adults with uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma with 2-6 incidences of exacerbations in the past year using a medium/high dose of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists. ⋯ Benralizumab reduced asthma exacerbation and improved lung function and asthma control in adults with uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2016
ReviewA Critical Evaluation of Anti-IL-13 and Anti-IL-4 Strategies in Severe Asthma.
Asthma is a high-prevalence disease, still accounting for mortality and high direct and indirect costs. It is now recognized that, despite the implementation of guidelines, a large proportion of cases remain not controlled. Certainly, adherence to therapy and the education of patients remain the primary objective, but the increasingly detailed knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms and new biotechnologies offer the opportunity to better address and treat the disease. ⋯ So far, dupilumab was reported capable of reducing the severity of asthma and the rate of exacerbations. IL-13 and IL-4 are crucial in TH2-mediated inflammation in asthma, but it remains clear that only specific endotypes respond to these treatments. Although the use of anti-IL-14 and anti-IL-13 strategies is promising, the search for appropriate predictive biomarkers is urgently needed to better apply biological treatments.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2016
Distinct Contributory Factors Determine Basophil-Allergen Sensitivity in Grass Pollen Rhinitis and in Anaphylactic Wasp Venom Allergy.
We sought to determine whether basophil-allergen sensitivity could be transferred to donor basophils by passive IgE sensitisation in allergic rhinitis and anaphylactic Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity. ⋯ Our results suggest that basophil allergen sensitivity evaluated by flow-cytometric CD63 analysis depends on two distinct contribution factors. In anaphylactic Hymenoptera allergy, the major factor was intrinsic cellular sensitivity, whereas in pollen allergy, the major factor was allergen-specific IgE on the cell surface.
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Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. · Jan 2016
Observational StudyBlood Coagulation and Asthma Exacerbation in Children.
Recent studies have demonstrated the activation of coagulation pathways in asthmatic airways. This study aimed to determine systemic blood coagulation during asthma exacerbation compared with the stable state in children. ⋯ Evidence was found of increased endothelial activation and increased PAI-1 during asthma exacerbation. This may emphasize the potential role of blood coagulation in asthma exacerbation.