Journal of sleep research
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Journal of sleep research · Dec 2019
ReviewDefining short and long sleep duration for future paediatric research: A systematic literature review.
Short and long sleep patterns in children have been associated with a range of poor health outcomes. However, there is no consensus regarding the definitions of these abnormal sleep parameters in childhood for use in paediatric research. Given that there is a clear lack of definitions for sleep duration throughout paediatric sleep literature, this review aimed to establish recommendations for standard cut-offs of short and long sleep for children aged 1-16 years to enable homogeneity in future studies of paediatric sleep duration. ⋯ Across the age groups there was little consensus in applied cut-offs for short and long sleep duration. This study found the best compromise for short sleep was defined as the 2.5th centile (hours = 0.25*age + 11) and long sleep as the 97.5th centile (hours = 0.017*age2 - 0.68*age + 16) of sleep duration in children. Recommendations for the hourly cut-offs of short and long sleep duration based on these percentiles were described.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Discrepancies in sleep diary and actigraphy assessments in adults with fibromyalgia: Associations with opioid dose and age.
Sleep diary and actigraphy assessments of insomnia symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are often discrepant. We examined whether opioid dose and age interact in predicting magnitude or direction of discrepancies. Participants (N = 199, M = 51.5 years, SD = 11.7) with FM and insomnia completed 14 days of diaries and actigraphy. ⋯ Opioid dose did not predict magnitude or direction of WASO discrepancies. In FM, a higher opioid dose increases diary/actigraphy SOL and SE discrepancies, and direction of discrepancies may depend on age. We speculate that increased opioid use combined with age-related factors, such as slow wave sleep disruption, increased awakenings and/or cognitive decline, may impact perceived sleep.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Are serum ferritin and transferrin saturation risk markers for restless legs syndrome in young adults? Longitudinal and cross-sectional data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.
Restless legs syndrome has been associated with serum iron deficiency in clinical studies. However, studies investigating this relationship have had inconsistent results and there are no studies in young adults. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between serum measures of iron stores and restless legs syndrome in young adults in the community. ⋯ There was no association between restless legs syndrome (22 years) and iron stores (17, 22 years) before or after adjustment for potential confounders. There was no association between restless legs syndrome at 22 years and iron stores at 17 or 22 years in this cohort. Serum iron stores may not be a useful indicator of restless legs syndrome risk in young adults in the community.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Good long-term adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with resistant hypertension and sleep apnea.
Although adequate adherence is paramount in achieving the beneficial effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, long-term adherence and the variables involved in continuous positive airway pressure compliance in patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea are yet unknown. We conducted a prospective, multicentre, observational study in 177 patients recruited from hypertensive units with resistant hypertension confirmed by means of 24-hr blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure ≥ 130 and/or ≥ 80 mmHg, despite taking at least three antihypertensive drugs or < 130/80 mmHg with > 3 drugs) and obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 in a respiratory polygraph) who were prescribed continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Good adherence was defined as an average cumulative continuous positive airway pressure use of ≥ 4 hr per night at the end of the follow-up. ⋯ Both variables also predicted adherence at a threshold of 6 hr per night. Our results show that good continuous positive airway pressure adherence is an achievable and feasible goal in patients with resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. Previous stroke and short-term adherence predicted long-term adherence.
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Journal of sleep research · Oct 2019
Upper airway stimulation in obstructive sleep apnea improves glucose metabolism and reduces hedonic drive for food.
Upper airway stimulation is a new and effective second-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but possible consequences on glucose metabolism and central regulation of food intake are unclear. Twenty patients were prospectively studied before and 12 months after obstructive sleep apnea treatment by upper airway stimulation. Respiratory parameters and daytime sleepiness were assessed to document effectiveness of treatment. ⋯ Upper airway stimulation is effective in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and improves glucose metabolism. Reduced hedonic drive to eat might contribute to these metabolic improvements. These promising findings are in need for long-term controlled evaluation of metabolic sequelae of upper airway stimulation and to mechanistically evaluate the metabolic benefits of upper airway stimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.