Journal of athletic training
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Whey protein addition to a carbohydrate-electrolyte rehydration solution ingested after exercise in the heat.
Many active people finish exercise hypohydrated, so effective rehydration after exercise is an important consideration. ⋯ When matched for energy density and electrolyte content, a solution of carbohydrate and whey protein isolate neither increased nor decreased rehydration compared with a solution of carbohydrate.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Whole-body vibration and the prevention and treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness.
Numerous recovery strategies have been used in an attempt to minimize the symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been suggested as a viable warm-up for athletes. However, scientific evidence to support the protective effects of WBV training (WBVT) on muscle damage is lacking. ⋯ Administered before eccentric exercise, WBVT may reduce DOMS via muscle function improvement. Further investigation should be undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness of WBVT in attenuating DOMS in athletes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Emergency face-mask removal effectiveness: a comparison of traditional and nontraditional football helmet face-mask attachment systems.
Football helmet face-mask attachment design changes might affect the effectiveness of face-mask removal. ⋯ The QR and Trad trials resulted in superior results. When trials required cutting loop straps, results deteriorated.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The American football uniform: uncompensable heat stress and hyperthermic exhaustion.
In hot environments, the American football uniform predisposes athletes to exertional heat exhaustion or exercise-induced hyperthermia at the threshold for heat stroke (rectal temperature [T(re)] > 39 degrees C). ⋯ The FULL and PART conditions resulted in greater physiologic strain than the CON condition. These findings indicated that critical internal temperature and hypotension were concurrent with exhaustion during uncompensable (FULL) or nearly uncompensable (PART) heat stress and that anthropomorphic characteristics influenced heat storage and exercise time to exhaustion.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Electrolyte and plasma changes after ingestion of pickle juice, water, and a common carbohydrate-electrolyte solution.
Health care professionals advocate that athletes who are susceptible to exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) should moderately increase their fluid and electrolyte intake by drinking sport drinks. Some clinicians have also claimed drinking small volumes of pickle juice effectively relieves acute EAMCs, often alleviating them within 35 seconds. Others fear ingesting pickle juice will enhance dehydration-induced hypertonicity, thereby prolonging dehydration. ⋯ At these volumes, ingestion of pickle juice and CHO-e drink did not cause substantial changes in plasma electrolyte concentrations, plasma osmolality, or plasma volume in rested, euhydrated men. Concern that ingesting these volumes of pickle juice might exacerbate an athlete's risk of dehydration-induced hypertonicity may be unwarranted. If EAMCs are caused by large electrolyte loss due to sweating, these volumes of pickle juice or CHO-e drink are unlikely to restore any deficit incurred by exercise.