European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
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Macrophages play an important role in mediating damage after Spinal cord injury (SCI) by secreting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MMIF) as a secondary injury mediator. We aimed to systematically review the role of MMIF as a therapeutic target after traumatic SCI. ⋯ Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.
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Review Case Reports
Rotational vertebral artery occlusion ("bow hunter syndrome").
To review the literature, analyze and discuss diagnostic and treatment options for the Bowhunter Syndrome. A clinical case of idiopathic rotatory C1-C2 subluxation causing dynamic vertebral artery occlusion is presented. ⋯ Rotatory vertebral artery occlusion is a rare condition presented mostly in adults, aged 50-70 years. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is triggered by the rotation of the head to the contralateral side of the dominant vertebral artery. Dynamic subtraction angiography is considered the diagnostic gold-standard method, but dynamic Angio-CT scan, Angio-MRI, or Doppler ultrasonography are less invasive options. The treatment options are conservative or surgical. Endovascular surgery is another option in specific cases.
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Review Case Reports
Compressive cervicothoracic pseudomeningocele as a rare manifestation of idiopathic intrathecal hypotension after past trauma: a review.
Spontaneous intracranial or intrathecal hypotension (SIH) is an underdiagnosed phenomenon predominantly presenting with low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and postural headache in the setting of CSF leak. Extrathecal CSF collections causing compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots present an even rarer subset of this disease. We aim to describe this pathology in a comprehensive manner while illustrating with a case of our own. ⋯ The utility of multiple imaging modalities such as dynamic myelography and the use of epidural blood patches and fibrin glue polymers should be explored, and surgery is an option if the symptoms persist despite other measures.
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Gas forming infection (GFI) of the spine is a rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening infection. It can be a consequence of aetiologies such as Emphysematous Osteomyelitis (EOM), Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF), and Gas-containing Spinal Epidural Abscess (Gas-containing SEA). This review aims to summarize the characteristics of these subtypes of GFI, describing their aetiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. ⋯ Systematic review of level IV studies.
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Gas forming infection (GFI) of the spine is a rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening infection. It can be a consequence of aetiologies such as Emphysematous Osteomyelitis (EOM), Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF), and Gas-containing Spinal Epidural Abscess (Gas-containing SEA). This review aims to summarize the characteristics of these subtypes of GFI, describing their aetiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. ⋯ Systematic review of level IV studies.