Ocular immunology and inflammation
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · Jul 2020
Ocular Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Northeast of Iran.
To evaluate ocular findings in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Northeast of Iran. ⋯ Ocular manifestation was observed in more than half of our COVID-19 patients. Hence, it seems important to involve ophthalmologist in the diagnosis and management of these patients.
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After the outbreak of the disease COVID-19, it has reached pandemic proportions within a very short time. It is mainly transmitted human-to-human through direct contact with secretions from an infected person or through inhalation of droplets containing SARS-CoV-2. It is controversial whether the virus may be transmitted via tears. ⋯ Considering the reported cases on healthcare workers indicating nosocomial transmission and the anatomical and physiological aspects it is perceived that ophthalmic healthcare professionals are at higher risk of contracting the virus by virtue of their job. In this narrative review we discuss current evidence around detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human tears and forms of transmissions reported to date. We also provide a comprehensive approach that may be implemented in an ophthalmic care facility to protect healthcare personnel, as well as patients, from contracting the virus.
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · Jul 2020
Evaluation of Conjunctival Swab PCR Results in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
The study objective was to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in conjunctival swabs from patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. ⋯ The rate of positivity from conjunctival swab rRT-PCR was 7.5% in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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The spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 interact with ACE2 or basigin/CD147 receptors, regulating human-to-human transmissions of COVID-19 together with serine protease TMPRSS2. The expression of these receptors on the ocular surface is unknown. ⋯ The ocular surface may represent an entry point for the SARS-CoV-2 in the human body. The conjunctiva and the cornea can adopt antiviral countermeasures which may explain the low prevalence of eye involvement.
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Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. · Jan 2018
Observational StudyEfficacy of Anti-TNF-α Therapy for the Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis: A Retrospective Study of 21 Patients.
To assess the efficacy of anti-TNF alpha (TNF-α) therapy in patients with non-infectious uveitis. ⋯ Our study confirms the efficacy of anti-TNF for the control of short-term and long-term ocular inflammation, with high rates of complete clinical remission.