FEMS immunology and medical microbiology
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FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. · Jun 1998
ReviewNeuropathological findings in new variant CJD and experimental transmission of BSE.
The diagnosis of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is dependent on the neuropathological examination of brain tissue following brain biopsy or autopsy. The characteristic neuropathological features are multiple 'florid' plaques in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, spongiform change most marked in the basal ganglia, severe thalamic gliosis and marked accumulation of the disease-associated prion protein in diffuse or pericellular deposits in the cerebrum and cerebellum. ⋯ This has given rise to the possibility that prion protein in new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease might be transported to the brain by circulating lymphocytes in the blood. Experimental strain typing of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has shown that the transmissible agent responsible for this disorder is identical to that identified in bovine spongiform encephalopathy, confirming the hypothesis that exposure to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent, presumably through the diet, is the cause of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
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FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. · Dec 1993
Clostridium perfringens invasiveness is enhanced by effects of theta toxin upon PMNL structure and function: the roles of leukocytotoxicity and expression of CD11/CD18 adherence glycoprotein.
Clostridium perfringens infections are characterized by the lack of an inflammatory response at the site of infection and rapidly progressive margins of tissue necrosis. Studies presented here investigated the role of theta toxin from C. perfringens in the pathophysiology of these events. Mice passively immunized with neutralizing monoclonal antibody against theta toxin and challenged with an LD100 of log phase C. perfringens had significantly less mortality than untreated controls. ⋯ In contrast, sublethal concentrations of theta toxin primed PMNL chemiluminescence, disrupted PMNL cytoskeletal actin polymerization/disassembly, and stimulated functional upregulation of CD11b/CD18 adherence glycoprotein. In summary, these results demonstrate that theta toxin is an important virulence factor in C. perfringens infection. In a concentration-dependent fashion, theta toxin contributes to the pathogenesis of clostridial gangrene by direct destruction of host inflammatory cells and tissues, and by promoting dysregulated PMNL/endothelial cell adhesive interactions.