Current opinion in neurology
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Curr. Opin. Neurol. · Aug 2019
ReviewAcute imaging for evidence-based treatment of ischemic stroke.
Until recently, intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke treatment relied on reported information on the known time of symptom onset and was limited to treatment within a narrow time window. New trials have provided evidence for imaging-based effective reperfusion treatment in an extended time window and unknown-onset stroke. This review summarizes evidence from recent clinical trials and suggests a simple algorithm for the choice of imaging modalities to guide evidence-based reperfusion treatment of acute stroke. ⋯ In stroke patients with unknown symptom onset or known symptom onset up to 24 h, advanced imaging with MRI or with CT perfusion can guide effective acute reperfusion treatment with mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous alteplase.
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Sarcoidosis is a complex disease with many faces, and the clinical manifestation and course of neurosarcoidosis are particularly variable. Although neurosarcoidosis occurs in up to 10% of sarcoidosis patients, it can lead to significant morbidity and some mortality. ⋯ Significant advances have been made in the potential and accuracy of diagnostics for neurosarcoidosis. Treatment should be approached within the context of the patient's anticipated clinical course, avoidance of adverse drug effects, and, if necessary, from the perspective of the comprehensive management of a chronic disease. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of sarcoidosis is strongly recommended.
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Curr. Opin. Neurol. · Apr 2019
ReviewLaser interstitial thermal therapy in drug-resistant epilepsy.
MRI-guided stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT) has been utilized in the surgical treatment of discrete, small epileptogenic lesions. This review summarizes the current literature and addresses the clinical application of this technique. ⋯ LiTT appears promising and has potential for reduced morbidity and improved tolerability compared with open surgery. Studies must be done to compare efficacy and safety of LiTT with open surgery, and further investigation is needed to optimize this technique.
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Curr. Opin. Neurol. · Feb 2019
ReviewAdvances in the understanding of headache in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
To review the most relevant developments in the understanding of headache in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). ⋯ Headache remains the predominate morbidity in the majority of those with IIH. Headache management is an unmet need in IIH and future studies are required to investigate the probable complex mechanisms, as well as effective management.
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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by acute cerebral endotheliopathy with consecutive disruption of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic edema. Since its first description in 1996, PRES is increasingly recognized. However, many aspects of this syndrome with its wide spectrum of clinical and radiological features are still incompletely understood. In this review, possible pathophysiological mechanisms, approaches to diagnosis, recent study results on outcome, and future directions of research are described. ⋯ In summary, validated diagnostic criteria and algorithms are warranted to standardize the diagnosis of PRES. This is essential for further research and future prospective studies that should investigate risk factors for unfavorable outcome and identify the roles of imaging features, clinical symptoms, and other biomarkers in predicting outcome.