Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Laser-assisted anesthesia reduces the pain of venous cannulation in children and adults: a randomized controlled trial.
Application of topical anesthetics before intravenous (IV) cannulation is effective yet limited by delayed transdermal absorption. The authors evaluated a handheld laser device to enhance topical anesthetic absorption by ablating the stratum corneum, the major barrier to drug absorption through the skin. The hypothesis was that laser-assisted anesthesia would reduce the pain of IV cannulation in emergency department (ED) patients. ⋯ Pretreatment of the skin with a laser device followed by a five-minute topical lidocaine 4% application reduces the pain of IV cannulation in ED adult and pediatric patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized, controlled trial of sucrose analgesia in infants younger than 90 days of age who require bladder catheterization in the pediatric emergency department.
To determine whether an oral sucrose solution improves pain response for infants undergoing bladder catheterization in an emergency department (ED) population. ⋯ There was no overall treatment effect when using an oral sucrose solution before bladder catheterization in infants younger than 90 days of age. However, infants younger than or equal to 30 days of age who received sucrose had smaller increases in pain scores, less crying, and returned to baseline more rapidly than infants receiving placebo. Older infants did not show an improved pain response with oral sucrose.
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Older patients may visit the emergency department (ED) when their illness affects their function. ⋯ Functional decline is common in older ED patients and contributes to ED visits in older patients; its role in admission is unclear.
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Emergency medicine (EM) postgraduate training programs must prepare residents for the ethical challenges of clinical practice. Bioethics curricula have been developed for EM residents, but they are based on expert opinion rather than resident learning needs. Educational interventions based on identified learning needs are more effective at changing practice than interventions that are not. The goal of this study was to identify the bioethics learning needs of Canadian EM residents. ⋯ This needs assessment provides valuable information about the ethical challenges EM residents encounter and the ethical issues they believe they have not been prepared to face. This information should be used to direct and shape ethics education interventions for EM residents.
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To evaluate whether automated external defibrillator (AED) training and AED availability affected the response of volunteer rescuers and performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in presumed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA) during the multicenter Public Access Defibrillation Trial. ⋯ In the Public Access Defibrillation Trial, rates of CPR actions for presumed OOH-CA victims were low but similar for CPR and CPR+AED responding volunteer rescuers. Factors associated with volunteer response, CPR action initiation, and AED activation warrant further investigation.