Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Medical research frequently involves the statistical comparison of >2 groups, often using data obtained through the application of complex experimental designs. Fortunately, inferential statistical methodologies exist to address these situations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in its many forms is used to simultaneously test the equality of all groups in a study. ⋯ Whereas ANOVA is the correct alternative to statistically inappropriate multiple t-tests, MANOVA is the correct alternative to statistically inappropriate multiple univariate ANOVA calculations. Use of each of these statistical methods requires an appropriate experimental design and data meeting a number of assumptions. When used properly, each of these methods provides a powerful statistical analysis technique.
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To report the change in cricothyrotomy rate with emergency medicine (EM) residency development and to address the implications for training in this skill. ⋯ The cricothyrotomy rate decreased with the full implementation of the EM residency. Whether this trend was an effect of the presence of an EM faculty and residency training program, a parallel approach to airway management nationwide, or another unidentified factor will require further investigation. Nonetheless, given the increasing rarity of this procedure, it is likely that many EM, surgical, and anesthesiology residents will not acquire clinical experience with this technique during training.
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This article provides information supporting the need for new outcome measures in emergency care. It also addresses the use of these measures in emergency care, the impact of emergency care, identification of at-risk groups, new approaches to measuring patient satisfaction, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness, and the related unique implications for emergency medicine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Intramuscular ketorolac vs oral ibuprofen in emergency department patients with acute pain.
To determine whether i.m. ketorolac is superior to oral ibuprofen in patients presenting to an ED in moderate to severe pain. ⋯ I.m. ketorolac and oral ibuprofen provide comparable levels of analgesia in ED patients presenting with moderate to severe pain. Unfortunately, 40% of all the patients had inadequate pain relief (pain score > or = 5) from either ketorolac or ibuprofen.