Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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To compare timed inspiratory-cycle endotracheal (ET) instillation of epinephrine (EPI) with instillation during apnea during CPR. ⋯ When other aspects of ET EPI instillation are optimized and controlled during porcine hypoxic-hypercarbic arrest, timed inspiratory-cycle installation of ET EPI (50 microgram(s)/kg) results in an improved bilateral DIST and greater exogenous EPI absorption. However, in this severe pediatric asphyxial arrest model using a 50-microgram(s)/kg dose, inspiratory-cycle instillation does not improve the resuscitation rate or hemodynamic response over currently recommended instillation during apnea.
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To associate the efficacy of topical anesthesia of a tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine solution (TAC) with the duration of skin contact. ⋯ TAC is most effective as a topical anesthetic when applied for more than 20 minutes prior to suturing.
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Emergency-procedure laboratories are not a standardized part of the curriculum for emergency medicine residency programs. The authors evaluated the efficacy of an emergency-procedure laboratory to teach medical students and residents the performance of tube thoracostomy. ⋯ This procedure laboratory, which emphasized skill repetition, led to improvement in procedural speed and retention of tube thoracostomy skills over time. This approach to teaching clinical procedures should be considered for emergency medicine residency programs and for continuing medical education courses that emphasize acquisition of clinical procedural skills.
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To determine the availability and relative use of pediatric analgesia and sedation at sites of U.S. emergency medicine residency training programs. ⋯ Emergency medicine residencies generally have available agents for pain control and conscious sedation in children, although the agents used vary widely. Appropriate instruction by trained faculty should enhance resident experience with pediatric pain control and sedation.
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To determine the sensitivity and specificity of sinus x-rays of patients clinically diagnosed as having acute sinusitis. ⋯ Sinus x-rays are less sensitive than sinus CT scans for demonstration of radiographic changes consistent with acute sinusitis. Sinus plain films may not be reliable enough to assist with clinical decision making. If severity of patient illness requires diagnostic certainty, more sensitive imaging studies, such as CT scans of the sinuses, should be considered.