Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The effects of warming and buffering on pain of infiltration of lidocaine.
To investigate the effects of warming vs buffering, and warming with buffering, on the pain of lidocaine infiltration. ⋯ To reduce the pain of lidocane infiltration, buffering is more effective than warming. Warming does not enhance buffering.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Does topical lidocaine attenuate the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine?
To determine whether topical lidocaine attenuates the pain of buffered lidocaine infiltration. ⋯ Topical 2% lidocaine does not attenuate the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine more than does topical normal saline. Investigation of other topical anesthetics with and without epinephrine in conjunction with buffered lidocaine is warranted.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prospective evaluation of topical antibiotics for preventing infections in uncomplicated soft-tissue wounds repaired in the ED.
To determine differences in infection rates among uncomplicated, repaired wounds managed with: topical bacitracin zinc (BAC); neomycin sulfate, bacitracin zinc, and polymyxin B sulfate combination (NEO); silver sulfadiazine (SIL); and petrolatum (PTR). ⋯ The use of topical antibiotics resulted in significantly lower infection rates than did the use of a petrolatum control. BAC and NEO had the lowest wound infection rates.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparative study of the percutaneous versus intraoral technique for mental nerve block.
Mental nerve block is frequently used to aid repair of facial lacerations; both percutaneous and intraoral approaches to blocking this nerve are used, but have never been compared. The authors compared the two techniques for pain of administration and effectiveness of anesthesia. ⋯ The intraoral approach to the mental nerve block with adjunctive topical anesthesia was subjectively and objectively less painful than the percutaneous approach without adjunctive anesthesia. While the intraoral approach had a greater efficacy of lower-lip anesthesia and a longer duration of action, these differences were not statistically significant.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ketorolac vs meperidine for the management of pain in the emergency department.
To compare the pain relief, sedation, and common side effect profiles of ketorolac tromethamine and meperidine for the management of acute pain in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ When used to treat patients who had acute pain states, 60 mg of IM ketorolac produced analgesia similar to that produced by 100 mg of IM meperidine; however, the ketorolac produced fewer subjective side effects and less sedation than did the meperidine.