Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of intraoral and percutaneous approaches for infraorbital nerve block.
The infraorbital nerve block is frequently used during repair of facial lacerations; both percutaneous and intraoral approaches are used. The authors compared the two techniques for pain of administration and anesthetic effectiveness. ⋯ The intraoral approach to the infraorbital nerve block after adjunctive topical anesthesia appeared at least as effective in producing upper-lip anesthesia as the percutaneous approach without adjunctive topical anesthesia. Although the volunteers subjectively preferred the intraoral approach and visual-analog pain scores were lower for this approach, these differences did not achieve statistical significance. The intraoral approach was associated with a longer duration of upper-lip anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of proparacaine and tetracaine eye anesthetics.
To compare two topical eye anesthetics, proparacaine and tetracaine, for pain of instillation and duration of activity. ⋯ Proparacaine eye drops cause less pain than tetracaine eye drops upon instillation. Anesthesia from proparacaine last slightly longer. These properties make proparacaine preferable to tetracaine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
In-vitro comparison of bag-valve-mask and the manually triggered oxygen-powered breathing device.
To determine whether tidal volume, intrapleural pressure, and gastric volume differ when the bag--valve-- mask (BVM) and the manually triggered oxygen powered breathing device (MTBD) are used in the settings of normal and decreased lung compliance. ⋯ In this model, tidal volumes and intrapleural pressures were similar for the two devices. When compliance was normal, no participant insufflated the stomach with the MTBD, while the gastric volume with BVM ventilation averaged 1.3 L. With decreased compliance, the MTBD again delivered significantly less gastric volume than the BVM (1.1 vs. 3.7 L, respectively). These findings favoring MTBD ventilation require corroboration in vivo.