Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
-
Heart rate complexity (HRC) is an emerging "new vital sign" for critically ill and injured patients. Traditionally, 800-beat data sets have been used to calculate HRC variables, thus limiting their practical use in an emergency. We sought to investigate whether data set reductions diminish the use of HRC to predict mortality in prehospital trauma patients. ⋯ This finding was confirmed for data sets as short as 100 beats by computationally different metrics. SampEn, SOD, and complex demodulation were relatively unaffected by data set reduction. These metrics may be useful for rapid identification of trauma patients with potentially lethal injuries using short EKG data sets.
-
The present study was to investigate the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) in cultured RAW264.7 cells and experimental model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats and the potential mechanism. Results showed that RA concentration dependently down-regulated the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and high-mobility group box 1 protein in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, inhibited the IkappaB kinase pathway, and modulated nuclear factor-kappaB. Intravenous injection of RA alone or in combination with imipenem reduced cecal ligation and puncture-induced lethality in rats. ⋯ These data indicate that the antisepsis effect of RA was mediated by decreasing local and systemic levels of a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators. This article provides the first evidence that RA has the capacity to inactivate inflammatory response in sepsis. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of RA may inhibit activation of the nuclear factor- kappaB pathway by inhibiting IkappaB kinase activity.