Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Patients with severe hypernatremia who receive conventional treatment are often undertreated. Data on the management of acute hypernatremia using continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) are limited to anecdotes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CVVH treatment for acute severe hypernatremia in critically ill patients in a retrospective cohort. ⋯ The CVVH group had a significantly greater reduction in the serum sodium concentration (0.78 [0.63-1.0] mmol/L/h versus 0.13 [0.009-0.33] mmol/L/h), P < 0.001) and an improved 28-day survival rate (34.8% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.002) compared with the conventional treatment group. The two groups did not differ significantly in treatment-related complications. CVVH treatment is possibly more effective than conventional treatment for the management of acute severe hypernatremia in critically ill patients.
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In acute kidney injury (AKI), fluid accumulation is associated with poor outcome. We aimed to determine whether fluid intake or output had the major role. ⋯ Increased fluid intake in early AKI was an independent risk factor for AKI III.
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Host inflammatory response to any form of tissue injury, including burn, trauma, or shock, has been well documented. After significant burns, cytokines can increase substantially within the first 24 h after injury and may contribute to subsequent organ failure. Hemoadsorption by cytokine-adsorbing columns may attenuate this maladaptive response, thereby improving outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, technical safety, and efficacy of cytokine and myoglobin removal by early use of a cytokine absorbing column (CytoSorb) in a porcine model of smoke inhalation and burn injury. ⋯ In a porcine model of smoke and burn injury, hemoadsorption using the CytoSorb cartridge did not result in significant systemic or pulmonary reductions in the measured cytokines or myoglobin despite efficient transmembrane reductions. Further investigations are needed to optimize the efficiency of mediator clearance to affect both circulating levels and clinically relevant outcomes.
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We have shown in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock (HS) that fresh frozen plasma (FFP) reduces lung inflammation and injury that are correlated with restitution of syndecan-1. As the gut is believed to contribute to distant organ injury and inflammation after shock, the current study sought to determine if the protective effects of plasma would extend to the gut and to elucidate the contribution of syndecan-1 to this protective effect. We also examined the potential role of TNFα, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-17, both intestinal sheddases of syndecan-1. ⋯ Both systemic and intestinal TNFα and ADAM-17 followed similar trends, with increases after HS, reduction by LR, and a further decrease by FFP in WT but not KO mice. In conclusion, FFP decreased gut injury and inflammation after hemorrhagic shock, an effect that was abrogated in syndecan-1 mice. Plasma also decreased TNFα and ADAM-17, representing a potential mechanistic link to its protection via syndecan-1.
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Muscle loss accompanies severe burn; in this hyper-catabolic state, muscle undergoes atrophy through protein degradation and disuse. Muscle volume is related to the relative rates of cellular degradation and myogenesis. We hypothesize that muscle atrophy after injury is in part because of insufficient myogenesis associated with the hyper-inflammatory response. ⋯ We showed that severe burn induces both increased cell death and proliferation. Myogenesis, however, does not counterbalance increased cell death after burn. Data suggest insufficient myogenesis might be associated with pro-inflammatory mediator TNF activity.