Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) causes life-threatening complications, but little is known in septic shock patients with FN. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein level, immature granulocyte count, white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in septic shock patients with FN at admission and after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration. ⋯ After G-CSF administration in septic shock patients with chemotherapy-induced FN, PLR may be used as an early prognostic marker for mortality.
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Therapeutic hypothermia is neuroprotective after cardiac arrest (CA) via poorly understood mechanisms. It may prevent mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, an event which plays a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. PTP is the main end-effector of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) signaling pathway. ⋯ These two interventions also enhanced (P < 0.05 vs. controls) the phospho-Akt/Akt ratio to a similar extent while preventing a CA-induced increase in phospho-ERK/ERK ratio. This Akt activation in the HT and NIM groups was associated with an attenuation of CA-induced PTP opening. In this model, therapeutic hypothermia promoted the activation of the RISK signaling pathway via Akt and limited CA-induced brain injury by preventing PTP opening.
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The complex host response to sepsis is incompletely understood. The aim of this investigation is to use leukocyte RNA sequencing to characterize biological functions, cellular pathways, and key regulatory molecules driving sepsis pathophysiology. ⋯ Highly dynamic transcriptional activity occurs in leukocytes during sepsis, activating key cellular pathways and master regulatory molecules that drive the sepsis process.
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The objective of our study was to explore the association between sex and clinical outcome in sepsis patients in a large, diverse population. ⋯ Female patients with sepsis have better clinical outcomes than male patients in terms of mortality and length of hospitalization and ICU stay.
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The microbiome is defined as the collective genomes of the microbes (composed of bacteria, bacteriophage, fungi, protozoa, and viruses) that colonize the human body, and alterations have been associated with a number of disease states. Changes in gut commensals can influence the neurologic system via the brain-gut axis, and systemic insults such as trauma or traumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter the gut microbiome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gut microbiome in a preclinical TBI cortical impact model. ⋯ While large structural lesions and behavioral deficits were apparent post-TBI, there were modest but significant decreases in α-diversity. Moreover, both changes in representative phyla and α-diversity measures were significantly correlated with MRI-determined lesion volume. These results suggest that changes in the microbiome may represent a novel biomarker to stage TBI severity and predict functional outcome.