Shock : molecular, cellular, and systemic pathobiological aspects and therapeutic approaches : the official journal the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Brazilian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Estrogen As A Safe Therapeutic Adjunct in Reducing The Inflammatory Storm in Trauma Hemorrhagic Shock Patients.
Trauma is a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. It is a leading cause of death with or without sepsis in about 50% of patients. Limited therapeutic options are available besides definitive care with a mortality benefit. ⋯ In conclusion, this preliminary study showed that intravenous estrogen therapy is safe and reduced the inflammatory insult due to trauma hemorrhagic shock. It may protect THS patients from sepsis-associated complications. Future clinical trials are required to study the efficacy and mechanistic pathway.
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We sought to review the pharmacology of vasoactive therapy and fluid administration in sepsis and septic shock, with specific insight into the physiologic interplay of these agents. A PubMed/MEDLINE search was conducted using the following terms (vasopressor OR vasoactive OR inotrope) AND (crystalloid OR colloid OR fluid) AND (sepsis) AND (shock OR septic shock) from 1965 to October 2020. ⋯ Current guidelines are not in alignment with the data available, which suggests a potential benefit from low-dose fluid administration and early vasopressor exposure. Future data must account for the impact of both of these pharmacotherapies when assessing clinical outcomes and should assess personalization of therapy based on the possible interaction.
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It is difficult to estimate the ischemic consequences when using partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA). The aim was to investigate if end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is correlated to degree of aortic occlusion, measured as distal aortic blood flow, and distal organ metabolism, estimated as systemic oxygen consumption (VO2), in a porcine model of normovolemia and hemorrhagic shock. ⋯ ETCO2 was correlated to distal aortic blood flow and VO2 during incremental degrees of aortic occlusion thereby potentially reflecting the degree of aortic occlusion and the ischemic consequences of partial REBOA. Further studies of ETCO2, and potential confounders, in partial REBOA are needed before clinical use.
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Observational Study
Carotid Ultrasound in Assessing Fluid Responsiveness in Patients with Hypotension and Suspected Sepsis.
We sought to assess whether ultrasound (US) measurements of carotid flow time (CFTc) and carotid blood flow (CBF) predict fluid responsiveness in patients with suspected sepsis. ⋯ In patients with suspected sepsis, a fluid challenge resulted in a significant change in CFTc, but not CBF. Neither absolute measurement nor delta measurements with fluid challenge predicted clinical outcomes.
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We performed a systematic review to investigate the effects of vasopressor-induced hemodynamic changes in adults with shock. We applied a physiological approach using the interacting domains of intravascular volume, heart pump performance, and vascular resistance to structure the interpretation of responses to vasopressors. We hypothesized that incorporating changes in determinants of cardiac output and vascular resistance better reflect the vasopressor responsiveness beyond mean arterial pressure alone. ⋯ Changes in the mean systemic filling pressure analogue and heart pump efficiency were negatively correlated (r2 = 0.57, P < 0.001) while no correlation was found between changes in MAP and heart pump efficiency. We conclude that hemodynamic changes induced by vasopressor therapy are inadequately represented by the change in MAP alone despite its common use as a clinical endpoint. The more comprehensive analysis applied in this review illustrates how vasopressor administration may be optimized.