American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2014
Impact of Forced Vital Capacity Loss on Survival After the Onset of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction.
Emerging evidence suggests a restrictive phenotype of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) exists; however, the optimal approach to its diagnosis and clinical significance is uncertain. ⋯ At CLAD onset, a subset of patients demonstrating physiology more suggestive of restriction experience worse clinical outcomes. Further study of the biologic mechanisms underlying CLAD phenotypes is critical to improving long-term survival after lung transplantation.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2014
Multicenter StudyEffects of a Functional Variant c.353T>C in Snai1 on Risk of Two Contextual Diseases: COPD and Lung Cancer.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. ⋯ The functional germline variant c.353T>C (p.Val118Ala) of Snai1 confers consistently decreased risks of lung cancer and COPD, and this variant affects lung cancer risk through a mediation effect of COPD.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2014
Risk for Tuberculosis in Child Contacts: Development and Validation of a Predictive Score.
Contact investigation of persons exposed to tuberculosis (TB) is resource intensive. To date, no clinical prediction rule for TB risk exists for use as a guide during contact investigation. ⋯ A risk predictive score was developed and validated to identify child contacts aged 0 to 12 years at increased risk for active TB. This predictive score can help to prioritize active case finding or isoniazid preventive therapy among children exposed to TB.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2014
Future Directions in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Research: An NHLBI Workshop Report.
The median survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) continues to be approximately 3 years from the time of diagnosis, underscoring the lack of effective medical therapies for this disease. In the United States alone, approximately 40,000 patients die of this disease annually. In November 2012, the NHLBI held a workshop aimed at coordinating research efforts and accelerating the development of IPF therapies. ⋯ Food and Drug Administration to review the current state of IPF research and identify priority areas, opportunities for collaborations, and directions for future research. The workshop was organized into groups that were tasked with assessing and making recommendations to promote progress in one of the following six critical areas of research: (1) biology of alveolar epithelial injury and aberrant repair; (2) role of extracellular matrix; (3) preclinical modeling; (4) role of inflammation and immunity; (5) genetic, epigenetic, and environmental determinants; (6) translation of discoveries into diagnostics and therapeutics. The workshop recommendations provide a basis for directing future research and strategic planning by scientific, professional, and patient communities and the NHLBI.