American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Whether allergic airway inflammation mediates the association between overweight or obesity and childhood asthma is unknown. ⋯ Adiposity indicators are associated with asthma in children with low FeNO. Among children with asthma, adiposity indicators are associated with worse asthma severity or control in those with high FeNO.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jul 2014
Increased one-year health care utilization in survivors of severe sepsis.
Hospitalizations for severe sepsis are common, and a growing number of patients survive to hospital discharge. Nonetheless, little is known about survivors' post-discharge healthcare use. ⋯ Healthcare use is markedly elevated after severe sepsis, and post-discharge management may be an opportunity to reduce resource use.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jul 2014
Oxygenation Response to PEEP Predicts Mortality in ARDS: A Secondary Analysis of the LOVS and ExPress Trials.
Previous trials of higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) failed to demonstrate mortality benefit, possibly because of differences in lung recruitability among patients with ARDS. ⋯ Patients with ARDS who respond to increased PEEP by improved oxygenation have a lower risk of death. The oxygenation response to PEEP might be used to predict whether patients will benefit from higher versus lower PEEP.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jul 2014
Clinical TrialAn Aberrant Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase-PGP Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Chronic neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and persists after cigarette smoking has stopped. Mechanisms involved in this ongoing inflammatory response have not been delineated. ⋯ These results demonstrate a novel pathway of aberrant regulation of PGP/AcPGP, suggesting this inflammatory pathway may be intimately involved in disease progression in the absence of ongoing cigarette smoke exposure. We highlight a mechanism by which acrolein potentiates neutrophilic inflammation through selective inhibition of LTA4H aminopeptidase activity. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00292552).