American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2015
Cytokines in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Role in Eosinophilia and Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease.
The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are not clear. ⋯ CRSwNP was characterized by a predominant type 2 inflammatory environment, whereas CRSsNP did not reflect a classic type 1 milieu, as has been suggested previously. AERD can be distinguished from CRSwNP by elevated ECP levels, but this enhanced eosinophilia is not associated with elevations in traditional type 2 inflammatory mediators associated with eosinophil proliferation and recruitment. However, other factors, including GM-CSF, MCP-1, and tPA, may be important contributors to AERD pathogenesis.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2015
Role of B Cell Activating Factor (BAFF) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
B cell-activating factor (BAFF) plays a major role in activation of B cells and in adaptive humoral immune responses. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lymphoid follicles have been associated with disease severity, and overexpression of BAFF has been demonstrated within lymphoid follicles of patients with severe COPD. ⋯ BAFF is significantly increased in lungs of patients with COPD and is present around both immune and stromal cells within lymphoid follicles. Antagonizing BAFF in CS-exposed mice attenuates pulmonary inflammation and alveolar destruction.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Sep 2015
Respiratory Electrodialysis: a Novel, Highly Efficient, Extracorporeal CO2 Removal Technique.
We developed an innovative, minimally invasive, highly efficient extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) technique called respiratory electrodialysis (R-ED). ⋯ In this first in vivo application, we proved electrodialysis feasible and effective in increasing membrane lung CO2 extraction. R-ED was more effective than conventional ECCO2R technology in controlling ventilation. Further studies are warranted to assess the safety profile of R-ED, especially regarding kidney function.