American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2016
Prostaglandin E2 Inhibits Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Post-stem Cell Transplant.
Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients are susceptible to pulmonary infections, including bacterial pathogens, even after hematopoietic reconstitution. We previously reported that murine bone marrow transplant (BMT) neutrophils overexpress cyclooxygenase-2, overproduce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and exhibit defective intracellular bacterial killing. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA structures that capture and kill extracellular bacteria and other pathogens. ⋯ Our results suggest blockade of the PGE2-EP2 or EP4 signaling pathway restores NETosis after transplantation. Furthermore, these data provide the first description of a physiologic inhibitor of NETosis.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2016
Risk Factors for Pediatric Post-Extubation Upper Airway Obstruction Using a Physiology Based Tool.
Subglottic edema is the most common cause of pediatric extubation failure, but few studies have confirmed risk factors or prevention strategies. This may be due to subjective assessment of stridor or inability to differentiate supraglottic from subglottic disease. ⋯ RIP and esophageal manometry can objectively identify subglottic UAO after extubation. Using this technique, preextubation leak pressures or cuff leak volumes predict subglottic UAO in children, but only if the ETT is cuffed.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Jan 2016
Early Life Exposure to Traffic-related Air Pollution and Lung Function in Adolescence.
Exposure to air pollution during infancy has been related to lung function decrements in 8-year-old children, but whether the negative effects remain into adolescence is unknown. ⋯ Exposure to traffic-related air pollution in infancy is negatively associated with FEV1 at age 16 years, leading to increased risk of clinically important deficits.