American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2017
Editorial CommentMoving NTM Infections Into The 21st Century.
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA Multicenter RCT of Zephyr® Endobronchial Valve Treatment in Heterogeneous Emphysema (TRANSFORM).
Single-center randomized controlled trials of the Zephyr endobronchial valve (EBV) treatment have demonstrated benefit in severe heterogeneous emphysema. This is the first multicenter study evaluating this treatment approach. ⋯ EBV treatment in hyperinflated patients with heterogeneous emphysema without collateral ventilation resulted in clinically meaningful benefits in lung function, dyspnea, exercise tolerance, and quality of life, with an acceptable safety profile. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02022683).
-
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Dec 2017
Maturation of the Infant Respiratory Microbiota, Environmental Drivers and Health Consequences: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Perinatal and postnatal influences are presumed important drivers of the early-life respiratory microbiota composition. We hypothesized that the respiratory microbiota composition and development in infancy is affecting microbiota stability and thereby resistance against respiratory tract infections (RTIs) over time. ⋯ Our results suggest that environmental drivers impact microbiota development and, consequently, resistance against development of RTIs. This supports the idea that microbiota form the mediator between early-life environmental risk factors for and susceptibility to RTIs over the first year of life.