American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2024
Lung Ultrasound Score, Severity of Acute Lung Disease and Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Children.
Lung ultrasound may be useful for prognostication of acute lung disease. ⋯ In critically ill children, the lung ultrasound score early after admission may predict prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2024
ReviewPathogenesis of Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Defining Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities at the 2nd International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium.
Post-tuberculosis (post-TB) lung disease is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of chronic lung disease, with recent estimates indicating that over half of TB survivors have impaired lung function after successful completion of TB treatment. However, the pathologic mechanisms that contribute to post-TB lung disease are not well understood, thus limiting the development of therapeutic interventions to improve long-term outcomes after TB. ⋯ The committee first identified six areas with high translational potential: 1) tissue matrix destruction, including the role of matrix metalloproteinase dysregulation and neutrophil activity; 2) fibroblasts and profibrotic activity; 3) granuloma fate and cell death pathways; 4) mycobacterial factors, including pathogen burden; 5) animal models; and 6) the impact of key clinical risk factors, including HIV, diabetes, smoking, malnutrition, and alcohol. We share the key findings from a literature review of those areas, highlighting knowledge gaps and areas where further research is needed.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2024
Childhood Air Pollution Exposure Associated with Self-Reported Bronchitic Symptoms in Adulthood.
Rationale: Few studies have examined the effects of long-term childhood air pollution exposure on adult respiratory health, including whether childhood respiratory effects underlie this relation. Objectives: To evaluate associations between childhood air pollution exposure and self-reported adult bronchitic symptoms while considering child respiratory health in the Southern California Children's Health Study. Methods: Exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, and particulate matter <2.5 μm and <10 μm in diameter (PM10) assessed using inverse-distance-squared spatial interpolation based on childhood (birth to age 17 yr) residential histories. ⋯ NO2 and PM10 associations were modified by childhood asthma, with greater associations among asthmatic individuals. Conclusions: Childhood NO2 and PM10 exposures were associated with adult bronchitic symptoms. Associations were not explained by childhood respiratory health impacts; however, participants with childhood asthma had stronger associations.