Medicina
-
Autoimmune heart disease is a non-random condition characterised by immune system-mediated aggression against cardiac tissue. Cardiac changes often exhibit nonspecific features and, if unrecognised, can result in fatal outcomes even among seemingly healthy young individuals. ⋯ However, the presence of a standardised protocol that forensic pathologists can employ to guide their investigations would be beneficial. Hence, this summary aims to present the spectrum of autoimmune cardiopathies, including emerging insights such as SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiopathies, and proposes the utilisation of practical tools, such as blood markers, to aid forensic pathologists in their routine practice.
-
Background and objectives: More and more children with severe-to-profound hearing loss are receiving cochlear implants (CIs) at an early age to improve their hearing and listening abilities, speech recognition, speech intelligibility, and other aspects of spoken language development. Despite this, the rehabilitation outcomes can be very heterogeneous in this population, not only because of issues related to surgery and fitting or the specific characteristics of the child with his/her additional disabilities but also because of huge differences in the quality of the support and rehabilitation offered by the therapist and the family. These quality standards for the rehabilitation of young deaf children receiving CIs are developed within the European KA202 Erasmus+ project "VOICE"-vocational education and training for speech and language therapists and parents for the rehabilitation of children with CIs, Ref. ⋯ This set of quality standards can be useful to ensure the appropriate postoperative care of these children. As a result, the rehabilitation process will be more relaxed, and therapists will have the opportunity to focus more on the specific needs of each child, with the provision of quality services, which will result in better results. This theme is particularly complex and dependent on multifactorial aspects of medicine, education, speech therapy, social work, and psychology that are very intricate and interdependent.
-
Review Case Reports
Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Inflammatory Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Presenting as a Colonic Polyp: Report of a Case with a Literature Review.
Background: Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is an uncommon mesenchymal origin neoplasm derived from the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of FDCs. Epstein‒Barr virus-positive inflammatory follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (EBV+ iFDCS), which used to be known as the inflammatory pseudotumour (IPT)-like variant, occurs exclusively in the liver and spleen and has rarely been reported in the gastrointestinal tract. Case study: Here, we report a case of a 52-year-old woman with a special family history undergoing a routine physical examination. ⋯ The patient was free of disease over 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Identification of the potential pathogenesis sites of EBV+ iFDCS in extra-hepatosplenic regions is necessary for correct and timely diagnosis, and we consider it very meaningful to share our experience of diagnosing this tumor type. Furthermore, we summarize the clinicopathological features of EBV+ iFDCS presenting as a colon polyp after a thorough review of the literature.
-
Breast cancer (BC) is considered the leading cause of death among females worldwide. Various risk factors contribute to BC development, such as age, genetics, reproductive factors, obesity, alcohol intake, and lifestyle. Obesity is considered to be a pandemic health problem globally, affecting millions of people worldwide. ⋯ In addition, the relationship between BC risk and obesity is indicated by different molecular alterations as metabolic pathways and genetic mutation or epigenetic DNA changes supporting a strong connection between obesity and BC risk. However, these molecular and genetic alteration remain incompletely understood. The aim of this review is to highlight and elucidate the different molecular mechanisms and genetic changes occurring in obese women and their association with BC risk and development.
-
The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on healthcare systems around the world, including in Latin America. In Colombia, there have been over 23,000 confirmed cases and 100 deaths since 2022, with the highest number of cases occurring in females and the highest number of deaths in males. The elderly and those with comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory diseases, have been particularly affected. ⋯ It is important for surveillance systems to be improved and protocols to be established for the early detection and management of coinfections in COVID-19. In addition to traditional treatments, alternatives such as zinc supplementation and nanomedicine may have potential in the fight against COVID-19. It is also crucial to consider the social, labor, educational, psychological, and emotional costs of the pandemic and to address issues such as poverty and limited access to potable water in order to better prepare for future pandemics.