Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard to assess cardiac rejection in cardiac transplantation patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the supportive role and benefits of real-time sonography in central venous access for cardiac biopsy. ⋯ Use of real-time sonography during percutaneous sheath insertion of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein provides an improved means to safe and quick access for cardiac biopsies with high success rates and low complication rates.