Journal of the American College of Surgeons
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Racial Disparity in Liver Transplantation Listing.
Previous studies have demonstrated disparities in transplantation for women, non-Caucasians, the uninsured or publicly insured, and rural populations. We sought to correlate transplant center characteristics with patient access to the waiting list and liver transplantation. We hypothesized that liver transplant centers vary greatly in providing equitable access to the waiting list and liver transplantation. ⋯ Non-Hispanic Blacks are listed for liver transplantation less than would be expected. Once listed, however, racial disparities in transplantation are greatly diminished. Improvements in access to adequate health insurance appear to be essential to diminishing disparities in access to this life-saving care.
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In sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive melanoma, two randomized trials demonstrated equivalent melanoma-specific survival with nodal surveillance vs completion lymph node dissection (CLND). Patients with microsatellites, extranodal extension (ENE) in the SLN, or >3 positive SLNs constitute a high-risk group largely excluded from the randomized trials, for whom appropriate management remains unknown. ⋯ SLN-positive patients with microsatellites, ENE, or >3 positive SLN constitute a high-risk group with a 2-fold greater recurrence risk. For those managed with nodal surveillance, SLN-basin recurrences were more frequent, but all-site recurrence and melanoma-specific mortality were comparable to patients treated with CLND. Most recurrences were outside the SLN-basin, supporting use of nodal surveillance for SLN-positive patients with microsatellites, ENE, and/or >3 positive SLN.
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Precision oncology can identify patient-specific molecular signatures to better inform the prognosis and management of surgical cancer patients. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs) hold promise as prognostic biomarkers because dysregulation of individual miRs is implicated in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastases of various malignancies, including gastric adenocarcinoma (GC). ⋯ In surgically resected GC patients, an epigenetic signature of miRs associated with survival has the potential to improve prognostication.
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Comparative Study
Postoperative Outcomes after Index vs Interval Cholecystectomy for Perforated Cholecystitis.
Gallbladder perforation is a known morbid sequela of acute cholecystitis, yet evidence for its optimal management remains conflicting. This study compares outcomes in patients with perforated cholecystitis who underwent cholecystectomy at the time of index hospital admission with those in patients who underwent interval cholecystectomy. ⋯ Patients who underwent index cholecystectomy had significantly longer postoperative hospitalizations and higher 30-day postoperative major morbidity and mortality. There were no differences in 30-day minor morbidity. Selected patients with perforated cholecystitis can benefit from operative management on an interval, rather than urgent, basis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Impact of Cavity Shave Margins on Margin Status in Patients with Pure Ductal Carcinoma in Situ.
We examined the impact of cavity shave margins (CSMs) on margin status in patients with pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing partial mastectomy (PM). ⋯ CSM reduces positive-margin rates in patients with pure DCIS, and can be a practical solution for DCIS patients who tend to have a high rate of margin positivity.