Journal of medical screening
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To estimate the absolute risk of breast cancer in women, allowing for the effect on incidence of the introduction of widespread mammographic screening. ⋯ The introduction of mammographic screening in a population inflates the incidence of breast cancer because of diagnosis of prevalent cases. For the purpose of public and clinical communication, it is more reasonable and responsible to adjust for period effects (due to screening) rather than produce risk estimates based on recorded incidence, which may show an alarming increase in risk of breast cancer over a short period.
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To estimate the effect of the population based service screening programme in Sweden on mortality from breast cancer among women aged 50-69. SETTING; In 1986, population based service screening with mammography started in Sweden, and by 1997 screening had been introduced in all counties. Half of the counties invite women from 40 years of age whereas women 50 and older are invited in the other counties. The upper age limit was either 69 or 74. Women in the age group 50-69 years are thus invited to screening in all counties. ⋯ A non-significant reduction in mortality from breast cancer was found in counties performing service screening with mammography in Sweden. Adjustment for possible biases changed the result towards a larger effect of screening. The results do not contradict the effects found in the Swedish randomised mammography trials.
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Good screening performance of retinal photography and ophthalmoscopy together in screening for diabetic retinopathy in primary care have been reported. This study reanalysed the data to evaluate the screening performance of photography alone. ⋯ Good quality fundal photographs alone seem specific enough to screen for sight threatening diabetic retinopathy, but will underdetect background retinopathy.