JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Oct 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Spinal Anaesthesia in Adults Undergoing Elective Infra-umbilical Surgery.
Various adjuvants to local anaesthetic are used to improve quality and duration of spinal anaesthesia. Dexmedetomidine, a novel alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been proposed to augment local anaesthetic effects. This study aims to investigate effects of intrathecal Dexmedetomidine on duration of analgesia and duration of sensory block during spinal anaesthesia. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine as an intrathecal adjuvant to hyperbaric Bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia prolongs duration of analgesia and sensory block with minimal adverse effects.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Oct 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPrevention of Shivering during Spinal Anesthesia: Comparison between Tramadol, Ketamine and Ondansetron.
Shivering is an unpleasant experience after spinal anesthesia. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of ondansetron, ketamine and tramadol for prevention of shivering. ⋯ Prophylactic use of ondansetron, low doses of ketamine and tramadol is effective in preventing shivering post spinal anesthesia without untoward effects.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialLignocaine and Esmolol on Stress Response to Laryngoscopy and Intubation.
Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation causes significant sympathetic response resulting in hypertension and tachycardia. In individuals with systemic hypertension, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and intracranial aneurysm, the effect of this transient sympathetic response can evoke life threatening conditions like pulmonary oedema, cardiac failure and cerebrovascular haemorrhage. ⋯ Both esmolol and lignocaine were not effective in attenuating hemodynamic stress response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation; however esmolol was superior to lignocaine in blunting the stress response.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Jan 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialOndansetron and Granisetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Laparoscopic surgeries are known to be associated with a higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Prophylaxis of PONV is usually achieved with a single-dose antiemetic drug administered during the surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the antiemetic efficacy of two different 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5HT3) receptor antagonists, ondansetron and granisetron when given prophylactically to patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. ⋯ Granisetron, when given prophylactically, resulted in a significantly lower incidence of PONV than ondansetron in the first 24 hours.
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JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · Jul 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialProphylactic nasogastric decompression after emergency laparotomy.
Post-operative nasogastric intubation after emergency laparotomy is a common practice in many centers, with the intent of hastening the return of bowel function, relieving gastrointestinal discomfort, reducing various post-operative complications and reducing hospital stay. However, bowel rest and gastric decompression have been re-examined in the light of more recent data. Many studies and meta-analyses over the last 50 years have challenged the routine use of nasogastric tubes after laparotomy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the need for routine nasogastric decompression after emergency laparotomy. ⋯ complications; decompression; emergency laparotomy; flatus; nasogastric tube; prophylactic.