American journal of therapeutics
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A review of the history, incidence, presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of propofol infusion syndrome.
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Ketamine has been recognized as an anesthetic agent of choice in areas with limited resources, particularly in emergency situations. Unlike other commonly used induction agents, it preserves respiratory drive and maintains predominant sympathetic tone. ⋯ Despite these drawbacks, ketamine has become a favorable drug for the sedation of children undergoing various procedures. Here we propose 3 clinical paradigms where ketamine may be the agent of choice for the pediatric patient requiring sedation or anesthesia, including (1) the child with a difficult airway, (2) the child with a reactive airway disease, and (3) the uncooperative child requiring intravenous access.
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Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic with a favorable adverse effect profile. There are single reports of respiratory decompensation associated with zolpidem overdose. ⋯ Supportive management led to a complete recovery of neurologic function. Acute zolpidem overdose should be considered in the differential diagnosis of coma with absent brainstem reflexes.