Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM
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Ann Agric Environ Med · Jan 2013
ReviewThe role of neurostimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
The treatment of chronic pain syndromes may include pharmacological, physiotherapeutic, and invasive methods. Considerable number of patients do not achieve sufficient pain relief with pharmacotherapy, in these patients with neuropathic pain, electrical neurostimulation may be applied. ⋯ Neurostimulation therapy is also used in addition to the current medical treatment in different neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, refractory pain, epilepsy and migraine. The article provides the physicians the knowledge on different neurostimulation techniques for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain and their effectiveness.
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Ann Agric Environ Med · Jan 2012
ReviewDesigner Drug (DD) abuse in Poland; a review of the psychoactive and toxic properties of substances found from seizures of illegal drug products and the legal consequences thereof. Part 1--cannabinoids and cathinones.
Faced with the rapidly growing increase of designer drug abuse, particularly amongst the younger generation, various legislative strategies are currently employed world-wide for tackling this problem - however with mixed results. The key issue is that the producers of DDs are able to either exploit existing legal substances intended for other uses, but which have been found to possess psychoactive properties, or to synthesise new psychoactive substances by introducing chemical modifications, often very minor ones, thereby avoiding the prohibited use of chemicals included on any banned lists. Some countries opt to ban new drugs as and when shown or considered to be harmful, while others introduce sweeping bans based on chemical structure. ⋯ This paper, in two parts, therefore aims to provide an up-to-date summary review of available scientific evidence on the harm caused by the six main chemical groupings of DDs found in drug seizures of illegal products recently made in Poland. The first part is devoted to Cannabinoids and Cathinones derivatives. Ensuing legislation can therefore be rapidly formulated to make the bans permanent as appropriate.
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Ann Agric Environ Med · Jan 2001
ReviewEnvironmental health risk of chronic exposure to nitrous oxide in dental practice.
Nitrous oxide may be used to alleviate dental anxiety and to diminish or eliminate dental pain. The benefit of nitrous oxide sedation is a cooperative and satisfied patient. By reducing the patient's perception of pain it allows them to relax and cooperate during dental procedures. ⋯ Safety standards have been established in the United States and Europe since many years. The potential detrimental action on the reproductive, neurological, haematological, hepatic and renal systems, plus the possibility of increased cancer risk have been the subject of active research, although absolute occupational effects are still uncertain. To provide a safer work-place for those at risk of exposure to waste anesthetic gases, preventive measures are recommended.