Disease-a-month : DM
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Disease-a-month : DM · Dec 2020
ReviewProcedures and pitfalls in incisional biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma with respect to histopathological diagnosis.
This review has addressed the issues faced by a diagnostic pathologist during routine assessment of haematoxylin and eosin stained incisional biopsies from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Herein, the pragmatic means undertaken, has highlighted routinely faced problems & encounters determined at various levels as clinical, laboratory and diagnostic pitfalls, when possible, tips offered towards procedures and guidance. Also, dealt with subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma, differential diagnosis, and relevant prognostic indicators that can navigate the surgeon to take quick decisions. ⋯ Although histopathological evaluation is a confirmatory tool for any clinically suspected lesion it mandates the co-operation of faculty from varied disciplines. The onus lies on a pathologist to establish standard protocols to oversee, audit the laboratory operating procedures from time and again. Technical errors and faults at the office desk doesn't come under the purview of this review.
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Disease-a-month : DM · Dec 2020
ReviewMinimally invasive procedures for the recognition and diagnosis of oral precancer and cancer.
Oral cancer represents a blend of genetic and epigenetic instability. Many a times, oral cancer occurs in the background of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which could be easily detected and diagnosed. ⋯ In addition, these chair-side diagnostic procedures offer relatively good sensitivity and specificity despite some of their limitations. These diagnostic tools could complement good clinical history and thorough examination of patients for early detection of oral precancer and cancer.
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An estimated 4% of all cancers are of the oral cavity or oropharyngeal. Presently, management of the oral cancers mainly includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy either alone or in combination depending on the individual case. Each of these techniques has their advantages and disadvantages. ⋯ Radiotherapy has significant side effects like mucositis, myelosuppression, xerostomia and dental caries. With the advent of newer treatment methods like the targeted therapy, immune therapy and gene therapy, treatment outcomes are better with fewer side effects. This has generally improved survival rates and quality of life of cancer patients.