Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of calorie or exercise labels on menus on calories and macronutrients ordered and calories from specific foods in Hispanic participants: a randomized study.
The effect of menu labels on food choices is unknown in Hispanics. This study evaluated the impact of menu labels on calories and macronutrients ordered in Hispanics. 372 Hispanics (18-65 years) were randomly assigned to menus with no labels (NL) (n=127), rank-ordered calorie labels plus a statement on energy needs per meal (CL) (n=123), or rank-ordered exercise labels showing minutes of brisk walking necessary to burn the food calories (EL) (n=122). The menus had identical food choices. ⋯ Logistic regression showed that selecting foods based on health value (p=0.01) was associated with higher food label use. Menu labels did not affect food choices in Hispanic participants. Future studies should determine if nutrition, exercise, and weight perception counseling prior to menu labels intervention would result in better food choices.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Six-Week Oral Guanidinoacetic Acid Administration Improves Muscular Performance in Healthy Volunteers.
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a natural precursor of creatine, is a new promising dietary supplement, yet its performance-enhancing effect, if any, has yet to be established. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental GAA on muscle strength, anaerobic performance, and aerobic performance in healthy men and women. ⋯ Results from this preliminary study indicate that supplemental GAA ingested in young individuals can improve exercise performance, even at low doses (1.2 g/d).
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
A low glycemic index staple diet reduces postprandial glucose values in Asian women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
A low glycemic index (GI) diet is beneficial for glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the influence of a low-GI diet on postprandial glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). ⋯ A low-GI staple diet significantly reduces postprandial glucose levels in women with GDM.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Intensive therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: results of a 6-year randomized trial.
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of early intensive diabetes therapy with either insulin plus metformin (INS) or triple oral therapy (TOT) with metformin, glyburide, and pioglitazone on glycemic control and A-cell function. ⋯ Early intensive treatment at the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis-initial short-term insulin treatment followed by either insulin-based or intensive oral hypoglycemic-based therapy-stabilizes β-cell function for at least 6 years. Treatment failure was independent of intervention and was associated with worse disease pathology at baseline.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of thiazolidinediones are heightened in obese patients.
The American Diabetes Association has called for further research on how patients' demographics should determine drug choices for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, using in-depth physiology studies, we investigate whether obese patients with T2DM are likely to benefit from thiazolidinediones, medications with a known adverse effect of weight gain. ⋯ These findings support the efficacy of pioglitazone to improve insulin resistance and reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obese patients with T2DM.